{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7172004010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","title":"Breaking Seed Dormancy in Pili (Canarium ovatum): Efficacy of Hot Water, Cold Water, and Scarification Treatments","display_name":"Breaking Seed Dormancy in Pili (Canarium ovatum): Efficacy of Hot Water, Cold Water, and Scarification Treatments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7172004010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59194/mjee2628115d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","pdf_url":"https://mjee.org.mk/index.php/mjee/article/download/295/245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736220","display_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","issn_l":"0354-2491","issn":["0354-2491","1857-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7172004010"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://mjee.org.mk/index.php/mjee/article/download/295/245","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144140088","display_name":"Sheryl M Ducusin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheryl M Ducusin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144116920","display_name":"Christine Joy C Yanguas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Joy C Yanguas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144100974","display_name":"Rea May P Talicuad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rea May P Talicuad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144175907","display_name":"Paul U Catusalem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul U Catusalem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121084172","display_name":"Ashlie A. Tagle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashlie A Tagle","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108841108","display_name":"Jan Orville Pimentel Bautista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8891-725X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8891-725X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Orville P Bautista","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115838612","display_name":"Novelyn D. Buhong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280100","display_name":"Aurora State College of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02en6hh83","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Novelyn D Buhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aurora State College of Technology, Zabali, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280100"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12870","display_name":"Seedling growth and survival studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canarium-ovatum","display_name":"Canarium ovatum","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-dormancy","display_name":"seed dormancy","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dormancy-break","display_name":"dormancy breaking","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-water-treatment","display_name":"hot water treatment","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-water-immersion","display_name":"cold water immersion","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarification","display_name":"scarification","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination-energy","display_name":"germination energy","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-survival","display_name":"seedling survival","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-germination-treatments","display_name":"pre-germination treatments","score":0.8040000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778395844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570784","display_name":"Scarification","level":4,"score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.9379000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.6513000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174832134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934786","display_name":"Pilus","level":4,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397491","display_name":"Seed dormancy","level":4,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252666","display_name":"Seed treatment","level":3,"score":0.2935999929904938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59194/mjee2628115d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","pdf_url":"https://mjee.org.mk/index.php/mjee/article/download/295/245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736220","display_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","issn_l":"0354-2491","issn":["0354-2491","1857-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.mjee.org.mk:article/295","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mjee.org.mk/index.php/mjee/article/view/295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736220","display_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","issn_l":"0354-2491","issn":["0354-2491","1857-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0354-2491","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59194/mjee2628115d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59194/mjee2628115d","pdf_url":"https://mjee.org.mk/index.php/mjee/article/download/295/245","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394736220","display_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","issn_l":"0354-2491","issn":["0354-2491","1857-8330"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7172004010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7172004010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026433686","https://openalex.org/W2050534397","https://openalex.org/W2054275854","https://openalex.org/W2133295439","https://openalex.org/W2187719555","https://openalex.org/W2415406255","https://openalex.org/W2597143392","https://openalex.org/W2606981368","https://openalex.org/W2736460555","https://openalex.org/W2792126317","https://openalex.org/W2793416446","https://openalex.org/W2807545540","https://openalex.org/W2811240450","https://openalex.org/W2991035172","https://openalex.org/W3005920321","https://openalex.org/W3150991077","https://openalex.org/W4205821861","https://openalex.org/W4282585767","https://openalex.org/W4293071388","https://openalex.org/W4296118346","https://openalex.org/W4298147334","https://openalex.org/W4312217091","https://openalex.org/W4377103957","https://openalex.org/W4390226769","https://openalex.org/W4399344373","https://openalex.org/W4400295343","https://openalex.org/W4403340850","https://openalex.org/W6948097290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093217610","https://openalex.org/W2943868001","https://openalex.org/W2606981368","https://openalex.org/W2254271150","https://openalex.org/W7213985477","https://openalex.org/W4404092444","https://openalex.org/W2209908921","https://openalex.org/W2947940874","https://openalex.org/W7116410141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pili":[0,23,54,74,236],"(Canarium":[1],"ovatum)":[2],"is":[3,24,40,220],"an":[4],"indigenous":[5],"tree":[6],"species":[7],"in":[8,109,128,140],"the":[9,50,62,70,77,162,221,232],"Philippines":[10],"valued":[11],"for":[12,131,143,187,226],"its":[13],"edible":[14],"nuts,":[15],"oil,":[16],"and":[17,33,86,100,170,204,230],"economic":[18],"importance.":[19],"However,":[20],"propagation":[21],"of":[22,53,64,73,104,178,235],"often":[25],"limited":[26],"by":[27],"seed":[28,164,228],"dormancy,":[29],"which":[30],"delays":[31],"germination":[32,45,51,67,71,166,197,233],"reduces":[34],"seedling":[35],"production":[36],"efficiency.":[37],"Limited":[38],"information":[39],"available":[41],"regarding":[42],"effective":[43,223],"pre":[44,66],"treatments":[46,68,118,175,186],"that":[47,157,216],"can":[48],"improve":[49],"performance":[52,72,234],"seeds.":[55,75,237],"Hence,":[56],"this":[57],"study":[58,78],"aimed":[59],"to":[60],"evaluate":[61],"effects":[63],"different":[65],"on":[69],"Specifically,":[76],"assessed":[79],"percent":[80,188],"survival,":[81,165],"percentage":[82,196],"germination,":[83],"germinative":[84,87,168,171,205],"energy,":[85,169],"capacity":[88,172,206],"under":[89],"four":[90,117,120],"treatments:":[91],"control":[92],"(untreated),":[93],"hot":[94,158,217],"water":[95,98,123,130,135,142,159,218],"soaking,":[96,99],"cold":[97,134],"scarification.":[101],"A":[102],"total":[103],"320":[105],"seeds":[106,127,139],"were":[107],"arranged":[108],"a":[110],"Randomized":[111],"Complete":[112],"Block":[113],"Design":[114],"(RCBD)":[115],"with":[116],"replicated":[119],"times.":[121],"Hot":[122],"soaking":[124,136,138,160,219],"involved":[125,137],"immersing":[126],"100\u00b0C":[129],"15":[132],"seconds,":[133],"10\u201320\u00b0C":[141],"12":[144],"hours,":[145],"while":[146],"scarification":[147],"was":[148],"performed":[149],"through":[150],"manual":[151],"nicking":[152],"using":[153],"secateurs.":[154],"Results":[155],"showed":[156],"produced":[161],"highest":[163],"percentage,":[167],"among":[173,185],"all":[174],"tested.":[176],"Analysis":[177],"variance":[179],"(ANOVA)":[180],"revealed":[181],"highly":[182],"significant":[183],"differences":[184],"survival":[189],"(F":[190,198,207],"=":[191,199,208],"804.60,":[192],"p":[193,201,210],"<":[194,202,211],"0.0000),":[195,203],"3092.74,":[200],"9720.18,":[209],"0.0000).":[212],"The":[213],"findings":[214],"indicate":[215],"most":[222],"pre-germination":[224],"treatment":[225],"breaking":[227],"dormancy":[229],"improving":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-08-01T00:00:00"}
