{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171998565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","title":"Does vocational education and training act as a safety net in labour markets? Some recent evidence from India","display_name":"Does vocational education and training act as a safety net in labour markets? Some recent evidence from India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171998565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"volume":null,"type":"supplementary-materials","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159731823","display_name":"Abhijit Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158338959","display_name":"University of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/05tqa9940","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158338959"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kerala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kerala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158338959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028035313","display_name":"Anjan Ray Chaudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-5047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-5047"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjan Ray Chaudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057752292","display_name":"Madhabendra Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-564X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-564X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130291710","display_name":"Visva-Bharati University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y28sc20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130291710"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhabendra Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visva-Bharati University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visva-Bharati University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130291710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.5360999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.5360999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.2703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education-and-training","display_name":"vocational education and training","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-risk","display_name":"unemployment risk","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-outcomes","display_name":"wage outcomes","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-status","display_name":"employment status","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casual-employment","display_name":"casual employment","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employment","display_name":"self-employment","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-labour-market","display_name":"Indian labour market","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodic-labour-force-survey","display_name":"Periodic Labour Force Survey","score":0.8040000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.6736000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46704056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086346","display_name":"Multinomial probit","level":3,"score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184314375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117995","display_name":"Probit","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192065140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147928","display_name":"Multinomial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017614220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8434","display_name":"Formal education","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120784921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086363","display_name":"Multivariate probit model","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131802","display_name":"Safety net","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994503098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Job training","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500754","display_name":"Work experience","level":3,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931779","display_name":"Seniority","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8626895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2431988509","https://openalex.org/W7171937642","https://openalex.org/W1981354094","https://openalex.org/W2613376324","https://openalex.org/W4200383873","https://openalex.org/W4367053508","https://openalex.org/W2003442833","https://openalex.org/W7108457280","https://openalex.org/W4400362468","https://openalex.org/W2332280898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,199],"revisits":[3],"the":[4,20,27,38,45,48,51,82,152,160,169,202,210],"\u201csafety":[5],"net\u201d":[6],"hypothesis":[7,54],"of":[8,22,29,50,60,90,99,133,154,162,172],"vocational":[9,17],"education":[10],"and":[11,80,93,104,150,179,188],"training":[12,18,137,181],"(VET),":[13],"which":[14],"posits":[15],"that":[16,110,176,201],"reduces":[19,151],"risk":[21],"unemployment,":[23],"albeit":[24],"potentially":[25],"at":[26],"cost":[28],"lower":[30],"wage":[31,88],"outcomes.":[32],"Using":[33],"unit-level":[34],"data":[35],"obtained":[36],"from":[37,168,186],"Periodic":[39],"Labour":[40],"Force":[41],"Survey":[42],"(PLFS,":[43],"2023-24),":[44],"paper":[46],"examines":[47],"relevance":[49],"safety":[52,203],"net":[53,204],"in":[55,63,209],"explaining":[56],"labour":[57,212],"market":[58],"outcomes":[59,89,124],"VET-trained":[61],"individuals":[62,95,100,119,149],"India.":[64],"In":[65],"order":[66],"to":[67,76,86,142,147,191],"do":[68],"that,":[69],"we":[70],"employ":[71],"a":[72,97],"multinomial":[73],"probit":[74],"model":[75],"analyze":[77],"employment":[78,111,115,123,145],"status":[79],"estimate":[81],"Mincerian":[83,173],"earnings":[84],"function":[85,175],"examine":[87],"VET":[91],"trained":[92,118,127],"untrained":[94,148,192],"using":[96],"sample":[98],"aged":[101],"between":[102],"25":[103],"59":[105],"years.":[106],"The":[107],"findings":[108],"indicate":[109],"effects":[112],"differ":[113],"across":[114],"categories.":[116],"Informally":[117],"exhibit":[120],"more":[121],"favourable":[122],"than":[125],"formally":[126],"individuals,":[128],"particularly":[129],"through":[130],"higher":[131,183],"probabilities":[132],"casual":[134,155],"employment.":[135],"Formal":[136],"does":[138],"not":[139],"improve":[140],"access":[141],"regular":[143],"salaried":[144],"relative":[146],"probability":[153],"employment,":[156],"although":[157],"it":[158],"increases":[159],"likelihood":[161],"self-employment.":[163],"It":[164],"is":[165],"also":[166],"evident":[167],"estimation":[170,196],"results":[171],"earning":[174,185],"both":[177],"formal":[178],"informal":[180],"yield":[182],"monthly":[184],"wages":[187],"salaries":[189],"compared":[190],"persons.":[193],"Combining":[194],"these":[195],"results,":[197],"this":[198],"proves":[200],"view":[205],"holds":[206],"only":[207],"partially":[208],"Indian":[211],"market.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-01T00:00:00"}
