{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171984372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","title":"Determinants of income, savings, access to credit, asset ownership, and food access among banana smallholder farmers in Meru District Council and Moshi Rural District, Tanzania","display_name":"Determinants of income, savings, access to credit, asset ownership, and food access among banana smallholder farmers in Meru District Council and Moshi Rural District, Tanzania","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171984372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1079/ab.2026.0052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206712","display_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","issn_l":"2662-4044","issn":["2662-4044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021389152","display_name":"Gipson Raphael Ole Kinisa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089506","display_name":"Institute of Accountancy Arusha","ror":"https://ror.org/009nnap37","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089506"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gipson Raphael Ole Kinisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Management, Institute of Accountancy Arusha, P.O. Box 2798, Arusha, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management, Institute of Accountancy Arusha, P.O. Box 2798, Arusha, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078554115","display_name":"Gervas M. Machimu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-0288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-0288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131787984","display_name":"Moshi Co-operative University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kndyq24","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gervas Machimu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Development and Gender, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O. Box 474, Moshi Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Development and Gender, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O. Box 474, Moshi Kilimanjaro, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058209992","display_name":"William Barnos Warsanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-4654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-4654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131787984","display_name":"Moshi Co-operative University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kndyq24","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Warsanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Statistics, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O. Box 474, Moshi Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Statistics, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O. Box 474, Moshi Kilimanjaro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1890},"apc_paid":{"value":1890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livelihood-outcomes","display_name":"livelihood outcomes","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-savings","display_name":"household savings","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-credit","display_name":"access to credit","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-ownership","display_name":"asset ownership","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-membership","display_name":"cooperative membership","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-ownership","display_name":"livestock ownership","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone-use","display_name":"mobile phone use","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-to-market","display_name":"distance to market","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-determinants","display_name":"socio-economic determinants","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meru-district","display_name":"Meru District","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-infrastructure","display_name":"rural infrastructure","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-roads","display_name":"rural roads","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-electrification","display_name":"rural electrification","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-water-supply","display_name":"rural water supply","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-health-care","display_name":"rural health care","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.7713000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120784921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086363","display_name":"Multivariate probit model","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780117336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435555","display_name":"Farm income","level":3,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28129649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926217","display_name":"Microfinance","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1079/ab.2026.0052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206712","display_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","issn_l":"2662-4044","issn":["2662-4044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1079/ab.2026.0052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206712","display_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","issn_l":"2662-4044","issn":["2662-4044"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CABI Agriculture and Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532596442","https://openalex.org/W2912190042","https://openalex.org/W2957592836","https://openalex.org/W2959430714","https://openalex.org/W2972022226","https://openalex.org/W2984507818","https://openalex.org/W3003519523","https://openalex.org/W3004397649","https://openalex.org/W3008386486","https://openalex.org/W3014947598","https://openalex.org/W3016860653","https://openalex.org/W3021225069","https://openalex.org/W3034304984","https://openalex.org/W3034762383","https://openalex.org/W3038197104","https://openalex.org/W3039445169","https://openalex.org/W3091887279","https://openalex.org/W3092157250","https://openalex.org/W3096508754","https://openalex.org/W3106818908","https://openalex.org/W3113138091","https://openalex.org/W3118845447","https://openalex.org/W3121698840","https://openalex.org/W3126798636","https://openalex.org/W3158189119","https://openalex.org/W3163032822","https://openalex.org/W3165242189","https://openalex.org/W3170207745","https://openalex.org/W3195222036","https://openalex.org/W3197476715","https://openalex.org/W3200996388","https://openalex.org/W3205121748","https://openalex.org/W4214649495","https://openalex.org/W4224296678","https://openalex.org/W4283171069","https://openalex.org/W4283649336","https://openalex.org/W4301519773","https://openalex.org/W4309534751","https://openalex.org/W4311287828","https://openalex.org/W4376872493","https://openalex.org/W4376958438","https://openalex.org/W4377291686","https://openalex.org/W4377292004","https://openalex.org/W4378807179","https://openalex.org/W4384342417","https://openalex.org/W4387149184","https://openalex.org/W4388103447","https://openalex.org/W4393305722","https://openalex.org/W4393388689","https://openalex.org/W4402977776","https://openalex.org/W4403539411","https://openalex.org/W4404464037","https://openalex.org/W4405517245","https://openalex.org/W4406822343","https://openalex.org/W4408439238","https://openalex.org/W4409317788","https://openalex.org/W4413641265","https://openalex.org/W4415993855","https://openalex.org/W6931137274","https://openalex.org/W7116853268","https://openalex.org/W7129007736","https://openalex.org/W7214216146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400785482","https://openalex.org/W4401813326","https://openalex.org/W7130419925","https://openalex.org/W2176114628","https://openalex.org/W4407895413","https://openalex.org/W3118845447","https://openalex.org/W4407037755","https://openalex.org/W4408398659","https://openalex.org/W3109631291","https://openalex.org/W7213950400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],":":[2,166],"Banana":[3],"smallholder":[4,24,79,110,128,186,307,314],"farmers":[5,25,80,129,315],"in":[6,43,81,130,138,200,236,318,323,358],"sub-Saharan":[7],"Africa":[8],"rely":[9],"heavily":[10],"on":[11,347],"banana":[12,31,78,109,127,187,306,313,348],"farming":[13,349],"for":[14,58,300],"both":[15],"food":[16,75,342],"and":[17,46,74,83,99,120,134,148,159,173,183,269,288,321,340,366],"income":[18,227,247],"generation.":[19],"Despite":[20],"the":[21,64,89,94,102,144,275,302,352,374],"crop\u2019s":[22],"potential,":[23],"have":[26,177,244],"limited":[27,49],"knowledge":[28],"of":[29,66,96,125,146,185,277,305,331],"improved":[30],"varieties,":[32],"as":[33,35],"well":[34],"harvesting,":[36],"processing,":[37],"storage":[38],"technologies,":[39],"exhibit":[40],"low":[41],"participation":[42],"farmers\u2019":[44],"associations":[45],"cooperatives,":[47],"alongside":[48],"access":[50,69,76,333],"to":[51,70,92,100,243,260,372],"credit.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"there":[54],"was":[55],"a":[56,116,122,153,160,257],"need":[57],"this":[59],"study.":[60],"The":[61,113,167,190,290,309],"study":[62,90,118,291,353],"examined":[63],"determinants":[65],"income,":[67],"savings,":[68],"credit,":[71,334],"asset":[72,201],"ownership,":[73],"among":[77,108],"Meru":[82,131],"Moshi":[84,135],"Rural":[85,136],"Districts,":[86],"Tanzania.":[87,139],"Specifically,":[88],"aimed":[91],"assess":[93],"levels":[95,198],"livelihood":[97,106,175,303],"outcomes":[98,107,176,304],"analyse":[101],"socio-economic":[103,295],"factors":[104],"influencing":[105],"farmers.":[111,308],"Methods:":[112],"survey":[114],"employed":[115],"cross-sectional":[117],"design":[119],"interviewed":[121],"total":[123],"number":[124],"352":[126],"District":[132,137],"Council":[133],"Data":[140],"were":[141,240],"collected":[142],"with":[143,210,377],"aid":[145],"questionnaires":[147],"analysed":[149],"using":[150],"descriptive":[151,168],"statistics,":[152],"composite":[154],"Livelihood":[155],"Outcome":[156],"Index":[157],"(LOI),":[158],"multivariate":[161],"probit":[162],"(MVP)":[163],"model.":[164],"Results":[165],"results":[169,191],"found,":[170],"low,":[171],"moderate,":[172],"high":[174],"been":[178],"attained":[179],"by":[180],"47%,":[181],"34%,":[182],"18%":[184],"growers,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"from":[192,272],"MVP":[193],"model":[194],"revealed":[195],"that":[196,293,312,326,355],"educational":[197],"assisted":[199],"accumulation":[202],"(\u03b2":[203,216,228,248,263,281],"=":[204,217,229,249,264,282],"0.109,":[205],"p":[206,219,231,251,266,284],"<":[207,220,232,252,267,285],"0.10),":[208,221,253],"households":[209,234],"higher":[211,245],"incomes":[212],"used":[213],"mobile":[214,278,336],"phones":[215],"0.151,":[218],"cooperative":[222],"membership":[223,322],"significantly":[224],"increased":[225],"business":[226,238,246],"0.289,":[230],"0.05),":[233,268],"engaged":[235],"non-farm":[237],"activities":[239],"more":[241],"likely":[242],"0.263,":[250],"livestock":[254,319],"ownership":[255],"had":[256],"significant":[258],"contribution":[259],"household":[261,294],"savings":[262],"0.288,":[265],"greater":[270],"distance":[271],"markets":[273],"reduced":[274],"likelihood":[276],"phone":[279],"use":[280],"\u22120.107,":[283],"0.10).":[286],"Conclusion":[287],"recommendations:":[289],"concludes":[292],"features":[296],"are":[297],"most":[298],"important":[299],"improving":[301],"research":[310],"recommends":[311,354],"should":[316,369],"engage":[317],"rearing":[320],"cooperatives":[324],"so":[325],"they":[327],"can":[328],"improve":[329,335],"sales":[330],"bananas,":[332],"use,":[337],"accumulate":[338],"asset,":[339],"enhance":[341],"security,":[343],"rather":[344],"than":[345],"depending":[346],"alone.":[350],"Finally,":[351],"government":[356],"investments":[357],"rural":[359],"infrastructure,":[360,368],"particularly":[361],"road":[362],"networks,":[363],"market":[364,378],"facilities,":[365],"telecommunications":[367],"be":[370],"prioritized":[371],"reduce":[373],"constraints":[375],"associated":[376],"distance.":[379]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-01T00:00:00"}
