{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171978183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","title":"Colonial Trauma, State Violence, and the Ethics of Witnessing: A Postcolonial Trauma Reading of Mohammed Hanif's Rebel English Academy through Stef Craps' Theory","display_name":"Colonial Trauma, State Violence, and the Ethics of Witnessing: A Postcolonial Trauma Reading of Mohammed Hanif's Rebel English Academy through Stef Craps' Theory","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171978183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","pdf_url":"https://www.socialprism.pk/index.php/socialprism/article/download/100/98","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043278","display_name":"Social Prism","issn_l":"3006-8878","issn":["3006-8878","3006-8886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SOCIAL PRISM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.socialprism.pk/index.php/socialprism/article/download/100/98","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076193787","display_name":"Khadija Afzal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadija Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["BS English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BS English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104100604","display_name":"Arshad Nawaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091971171","display_name":"Maryam Riasat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Riasat","raw_affiliation_strings":["BS English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BS English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54607061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"31","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11717","display_name":"Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies","score":0.47609999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11717","display_name":"Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies","score":0.47609999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12927","display_name":"Memory, History, Trauma, Identity","score":0.263700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13211","display_name":"Memory, Trauma, and Testimony","score":0.1964000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-trauma","display_name":"colonial trauma","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-violence","display_name":"state violence","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-witnessing","display_name":"ethics of witnessing","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decolonization","display_name":"decolonization","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-memory","display_name":"collective memory","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-persecution","display_name":"political persecution","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance","display_name":"resistance","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistani-fiction","display_name":"Pakistani fiction","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-legacy","display_name":"colonial legacy","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-domination","display_name":"linguistic domination","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-rule","display_name":"authoritarian governance","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185257988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059134","display_name":"Postcolonial literature","level":3,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777162435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399774","display_name":"Political violence","level":3,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510816226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42865","display_name":"Orientalism","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3059014","display_name":"State of exception","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042156","display_name":"Close reading","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780301185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234129","display_name":"Postcolonialism (international relations)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113706210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301751","display_name":"Critical theory","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","pdf_url":"https://www.socialprism.pk/index.php/socialprism/article/download/100/98","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043278","display_name":"Social Prism","issn_l":"3006-8878","issn":["3006-8878","3006-8886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SOCIAL PRISM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.3.3.2026.100","pdf_url":"https://www.socialprism.pk/index.php/socialprism/article/download/100/98","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043278","display_name":"Social Prism","issn_l":"3006-8878","issn":["3006-8878","3006-8886"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SOCIAL PRISM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171978183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171978183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547794321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197717342","https://openalex.org/W2008465144","https://openalex.org/W3192305786","https://openalex.org/W7203556559","https://openalex.org/W2364870566","https://openalex.org/W2760571447","https://openalex.org/W7220718378","https://openalex.org/W4309125740","https://openalex.org/W7213551475","https://openalex.org/W2299009288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,144],"examines":[2],"Mohammed":[3],"Hanif's":[4,240],"Rebel":[5,186],"English":[6,187],"Academy":[7,188],"through":[8,101],"the":[9,19,64,83,115,118,127,143,146,167,180,190,200,217,253],"lens":[10],"of":[11,60,66,117,126,175,183,192,202,206,256],"Stef":[12],"Craps'":[13,210],"postcolonial":[14,37,119,204,221],"trauma":[15,22,42,61,89,193,224,243],"theory,":[16],"arguing":[17,152],"that":[18,62,114,130,153],"novel":[20,112,241],"redefines":[21],"as":[23,91,96,244],"a":[24,57,203,228,245],"collective":[25,109],"and":[26,34,70,108,139,150,165,179,198,223,248],"historically":[27],"embedded":[28],"experience":[29],"rooted":[30],"in":[31],"colonial":[32,128,184],"legacies":[33],"perpetuated":[35],"by":[36,74],"state":[38,121],"violence.":[39],"While":[40],"mainstream":[41],"studies":[43,222,225],"have":[44],"traditionally":[45],"privileged":[46],"Eurocentric":[47],"models":[48],"centered":[49],"on":[50,232],"individual":[51],"psychological":[52],"suffering,":[53],"Craps":[54],"calls":[55],"for":[56],"decolonized":[58],"understanding":[59],"recognizes":[63],"histories":[65,164],"colonialism,":[67],"political":[68,135,170],"oppression,":[69],"structural":[71],"violence":[72,116],"experienced":[73],"formerly":[75],"colonized":[76],"societies.":[77],"Drawing":[78],"upon":[79],"this":[80,213],"theoretical":[81,211],"intervention,":[82],"study":[84,214],"explores":[85],"how":[86,239],"Hanif":[87,154],"portrays":[88],"not":[90],"an":[92,97],"isolated":[93],"event":[94],"but":[95],"ongoing":[98],"condition":[99],"transmitted":[100],"authoritarian":[102],"governance,":[103],"linguistic":[104],"domination,":[105],"institutional":[106],"repression,":[107],"memory.":[110],"The":[111],"demonstrates":[113,238],"Pakistani":[120,234],"cannot":[122],"be":[123],"understood":[124],"independently":[125],"structures":[129],"continue":[131],"to":[132,216],"shape":[133],"its":[134,173],"institutions,":[136],"disciplinary":[137],"mechanisms,":[138],"social":[140],"hierarchies.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"investigates":[145],"relationship":[147],"between":[148,220],"witnessing":[149],"resistance,":[151,178],"transforms":[155],"marginalized":[156],"voices":[157],"into":[158],"ethical":[159],"witnesses":[160],"who":[161],"challenge":[162],"official":[163],"expose":[166],"silences":[168],"surrounding":[169],"persecution.":[171],"Through":[172],"representation":[174],"memory,":[176],"fear,":[177],"enduring":[181],"influence":[182],"power,":[185],"extends":[189],"boundaries":[191],"beyond":[194],"conventional":[195],"Western":[196],"paradigms":[197],"exemplifies":[199],"necessity":[201],"ethics":[205],"witnessing.":[207],"By":[208],"applying":[209],"framework,":[212],"contributes":[215],"growing":[218],"dialogue":[219],"while":[226],"offering":[227],"fresh":[229],"critical":[230],"perspective":[231],"contemporary":[233],"fiction.":[235],"It":[236],"also":[237],"reconceptualizes":[242],"political,":[246],"cultural,":[247],"historical":[249],"phenomenon":[250],"inseparable":[251],"from":[252],"unfinished":[254],"project":[255],"decolonization.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-01T00:00:00"}