{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171617153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","title":"Untrustworthy sources on Facebook and Instagram in 2020: Concentrated exposure but no attitudinal effects","display_name":"Untrustworthy sources on Facebook and Instagram in 2020: Concentrated exposure but no attitudinal effects","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171617153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42525749","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13418747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058723753","display_name":"Olivier Bergeron-Boutin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-9650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-9650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Bergeron-Boutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-9650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010924288","display_name":"Brendan J Nyhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-1799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-1799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Nyhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-1799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029959450","display_name":"Jaime E. Settle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-9291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-9291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Settle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Government, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-9291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Government, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024312485","display_name":"Emily A. Thorson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-801X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-801X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Thorson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044652655","display_name":"Magdalena Wojcieszak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-4483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-4483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Wojcieszak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Social Science, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-4483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Social Science, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016727592","display_name":"Taylor Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-338X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-338X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taylor Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-338X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029728860","display_name":"Adriana Crespo-Tenorio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Crespo-Tenorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072556033","display_name":"Carlos Velasco Rivera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Velasco Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069987310","display_name":"Hunt Allcott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hunt Allcott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010601798","display_name":"Pablo Barber\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-4829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-4829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Barber\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-4829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063445465","display_name":"Drew Dimmery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-6325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-6325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24830596","display_name":"Hertie School","ror":"https://ror.org/0473a4773","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew Dimmery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin 10117, Germany","Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-6325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin 10117, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24830596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073459923","display_name":"Deen Freelon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deen Freelon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008542297","display_name":"Matthew Aaron Gentzkow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-8656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-8656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Gentzkow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-8656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064437896","display_name":"Sandra Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Bail\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-798X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-798X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Gonz\u00e1lez-Bail\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-798X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048165961","display_name":"Andrew M. Guess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-7848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-7848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M. Guess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics and School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-7848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics and School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052315912","display_name":"Edward H. Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-158X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-158X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-158X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041794322","display_name":"Young Mie Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-9274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-9274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Mie Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-9274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013670125","display_name":"David M. J. Lazer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-9110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-9110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lazer","raw_affiliation_strings":["NULab of Texts, Maps, and Networks, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-9110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NULab of Texts, Maps, and Networks, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033090175","display_name":"Neil A. Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-6049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-6049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-6049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023895896","display_name":"Devra Coren Moehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-8630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-8630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devra Moehler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-8630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077795637","display_name":"Jennifer Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-0122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-0122","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-6671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-0122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038679032","display_name":"Daniel Robert Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Robert Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008452854","display_name":"Rebekah Tromble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-2729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-2729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebekah Tromble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science and Khoury College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-2729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and Khoury College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041082292","display_name":"Arjun S. Wilkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5315-356X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5315-356X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Wilkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111065956","display_name":"Beixian Xiong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beixian Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041707588","display_name":"Chad Kiewiet de Jonge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Kiewiet de Jonge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009926823","display_name":"Annie Franco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078651528","display_name":"Winter Mason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-8947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-8947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winter Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta (current or former employee), Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068626480","display_name":"Natalie Jomini Stroud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-9986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-9986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271258","display_name":"Center for Media Engagement","ror":"https://ror.org/02590pd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271258"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Jomini Stroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moody College of Communication and Center for Media Engagement, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-9986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moody College of Communication and Center for Media Engagement, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271258","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072046918","display_name":"Joshua Aaron Tucker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua A. Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilf Family Department of Politics and Center for Social Media and Politics, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilf Family Department of Politics and Center for Social Media and Politics, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010924288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":11.27,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96601018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"31","first_page":"eadz6502","last_page":"eadz6502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13979","display_name":"Communication and COVID-19 Impact","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation-exposure","display_name":"misinformation exposure","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facebook","display_name":"Facebook","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instagram","display_name":"Instagram","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-feeds","display_name":"social media feeds","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platform-interventions","display_name":"platform interventions","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2020-us-presidential-election","display_name":"2020 US presidential election","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-concentration","display_name":"exposure concentration","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-change","display_name":"attitude change","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-revision","display_name":"belief revision","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-experiments","display_name":"field experiments","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989497712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Web survey","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101293273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579716","display_name":"User-generated content","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097822","descriptor_name":"Media Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13418747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13418747/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13418747/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Adv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42525749","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42525749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science advances","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kobv.de-opus4-hsog:6311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402087","display_name":"OPUS 4 (Zuse Institute Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195893171","host_organization_name":"Zuse Institute Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195893171"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308507","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308774","display_name":"John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0407tnq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308835","display_name":"John S. and James L. Knight Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00mn6be63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309290","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309434","display_name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310620","display_name":"University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314598","display_name":"Charles Koch Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319290","display_name":"Meta","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333844","display_name":"Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02bg31g49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333894","display_name":"United Nations Democracy Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/0219fyj64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171617153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171617153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1529672735","https://openalex.org/W1572302037","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W1980361506","https://openalex.org/W1986694711","https://openalex.org/W2050176441","https://openalex.org/W2064097590","https://openalex.org/W2099805722","https://openalex.org/W2116739230","https://openalex.org/W2138368371","https://openalex.org/W2157445442","https://openalex.org/W2182579479","https://openalex.org/W2291261022","https://openalex.org/W2550767623","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2910027323","https://openalex.org/W2911601927","https://openalex.org/W2913649461","https://openalex.org/W2947921339","https://openalex.org/W2948056727","https://openalex.org/W2964651736","https://openalex.org/W2991581987","https://openalex.org/W2995882014","https://openalex.org/W3006598146","https://openalex.org/W3010420310","https://openalex.org/W3014767596","https://openalex.org/W3026396873","https://openalex.org/W3036619158","https://openalex.org/W3094030488","https://openalex.org/W3103161083","https://openalex.org/W3119977757","https://openalex.org/W3122907670","https://openalex.org/W3123436326","https://openalex.org/W3128392043","https://openalex.org/W3161533314","https://openalex.org/W3164851731","https://openalex.org/W3168261013","https://openalex.org/W3183232601","https://openalex.org/W3211857494","https://openalex.org/W3217275997","https://openalex.org/W4210475874","https://openalex.org/W4297890226","https://openalex.org/W4313894975","https://openalex.org/W4318817814","https://openalex.org/W4324135253","https://openalex.org/W4365450225","https://openalex.org/W4382582936","https://openalex.org/W4385298633","https://openalex.org/W4385298725","https://openalex.org/W4385298751","https://openalex.org/W4385325063","https://openalex.org/W4385574179","https://openalex.org/W4386276968","https://openalex.org/W4387053785","https://openalex.org/W4388656403","https://openalex.org/W4388705728","https://openalex.org/W4391995874","https://openalex.org/W4396852275","https://openalex.org/W4398223330","https://openalex.org/W4399167792","https://openalex.org/W4399168030","https://openalex.org/W4399366359","https://openalex.org/W4405071962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365450225","https://openalex.org/W3010420310","https://openalex.org/W4385298751","https://openalex.org/W6926507672","https://openalex.org/W6944963640","https://openalex.org/W3022818210","https://openalex.org/W4396852275","https://openalex.org/W4385298633","https://openalex.org/W4389608230","https://openalex.org/W3194079198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"concern":[1],"about":[2,15],"exposure":[3,21,40,76,93,132],"to":[4,22,38,41,94,133,145],"content":[5,42,68,95,134],"from":[6,29,43,72,96,135],"untrustworthy":[7,74,97,136],"sources":[8,98,137],"on":[9,34,49,54,102,110,149],"social":[10],"media,":[11],"little":[12,67],"is":[13],"known":[14],"the":[16,85],"frequency":[17],"or":[18],"effects":[19,109,148],"of":[20],"their":[23,70],"content.":[24],"We":[25,60],"examine":[26],"2020":[27,86],"data":[28],"all":[30],"active":[31],"US":[32],"adults":[33],"Facebook":[35,50],"and":[36,46,51,151],"Instagram":[37,55],"measure":[39],"Pages,":[44],"groups,":[45],"web":[47],"domains":[48],"public":[52],"accounts":[53],"that":[56,62,124,140],"repeatedly":[57],"publish":[58],"misinformation.":[59],"find":[61],"average":[63],"users":[64,90],"saw":[65],"relatively":[66],"in":[69],"feeds":[71],"these":[73,141],"sources;":[75],"was":[77],"highly":[78],"concentrated.":[79],"A":[80],"multimonth":[81],"field":[82],"experiment":[83],"during":[84],"election":[87],"among":[88,115],"consenting":[89],"reduced":[91],"feed-based":[92],"by":[99],"approximately":[100],"70%":[101],"both":[103],"platforms":[104],"but":[105,138],"had":[106],"no":[107],"measurable":[108],"numerous":[111],"preregistered":[112],"outcomes,":[113],"even":[114],"participants":[116],"with":[117],"high":[118],"pretreatment":[119],"exposure.":[120],"Our":[121],"results":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"a":[125],"feasible":[126],"platform":[127],"intervention":[128],"can":[129],"successfully":[130],"reduce":[131],"suggest":[139],"changes":[142],"are":[143],"unlikely":[144],"have":[146],"immediate":[147],"attitudes":[150],"beliefs.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-07-30T00:00:00"}