{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171552848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.25941","title":"Sampling hard circuits with verifiably high fidelity","display_name":"Sampling hard circuits with verifiably high fidelity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171552848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.25941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.25941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.25941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.25941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082324311","display_name":"Simon Martiel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-2955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-2955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martiel, Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143815016","display_name":"Jay-U Chung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung, Jay-U","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036091404","display_name":"Alireza Seif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-5999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-5999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seif, Alireza","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068452073","display_name":"Soumik Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-1549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-1549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghosh, Soumik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022185966","display_name":"Ian Hincks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-0699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-0699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hincks, Ian","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136211739","display_name":"Abhinav Deshpande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deshpande, Abhinav","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057138052","display_name":"Hidetaka Manabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2302-0357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2302-0357"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabe, Hidetaka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002530979","display_name":"Hanfeng Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4243"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Hanfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139633592","display_name":"Feng Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan, Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040618965","display_name":"Bill Fefferman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-0210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-0210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fefferman, Bill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030701195","display_name":"Jay Gambetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-0978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-0978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gambetta, Jay M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045226769","display_name":"Ali Javadi-Abhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-2695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-2695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javadi-Abhari, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-gate","display_name":"T-gate","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syndrome-measurement","display_name":"syndrome measurement","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"quantum error correction","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17477027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166046","display_name":"Ammeter","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176734034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259432","display_name":"Worksheet","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26834552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3275846","display_name":"Analyser","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.25941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.25941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.25941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.25941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.25941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.25941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.25941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171552848.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171552848.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171692439","https://openalex.org/W7203455554","https://openalex.org/W3020876354","https://openalex.org/W7140227016","https://openalex.org/W4226357557","https://openalex.org/W7164677308","https://openalex.org/W4415274439","https://openalex.org/W7201890778","https://openalex.org/W4292651864","https://openalex.org/W4287025872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sampling-based":[0],"proposals":[1],"are":[2],"prominent":[3],"candidates":[4],"for":[5,29,171],"demonstrating":[6],"quantum":[7,31,41,65],"computations":[8],"beyond":[9],"the":[10,40,86],"reach":[11,72],"of":[12,91,130,160],"classical":[13],"supercomputers.":[14],"However,":[15],"it":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"difficult":[19],"to":[20,56,70,80,134,176],"combine":[21],"their":[22],"complexity-theoretic":[23],"hardness":[24,58],"with":[25,115,122,155,162],"two":[26],"capabilities":[27],"needed":[28],"scalable":[30],"computing":[32],"more":[33],"generally:":[34],"suppressing":[35,142],"hardware":[36],"errors,":[37],"and":[38,79,89,151],"verifying":[39],"computation":[42,137],"itself.":[43],"Here":[44],"we":[45],"address":[46],"both":[47],"issues":[48],"by":[49,146],"introducing":[50],"structured":[51],"circuits,":[52],"which,":[53],"in":[54,63,138],"addition":[55],"provable":[57],"guarantees,":[59],"admit":[60],"an":[61,82,182],"encoding":[62],"a":[64,116,128,153,156,168,173,177],"code.":[66],"This":[67],"allows":[68],"us":[69],"simultaneously":[71],"high":[73,76],"fidelities":[74],"at":[75],"circuit":[77,87],"depths,":[78],"certify":[81],"experimental":[83],"fidelity":[84,108,157,184],"via":[85],"structure":[88],"measurement":[90],"code":[92],"syndromes.":[93],"The":[94],"resulting":[95],"certificate":[96],"is":[97,167],"device":[98],"dependent,":[99],"but":[100],"requires":[101],"substantially":[102],"weaker":[103],"noise":[104],"assumptions":[105],"than":[106],"existing":[107],"proxy":[109],"benchmarks.":[110],"We":[111,126],"demonstrate":[112],"our":[113],"proposal":[114],"$64$-qubit,":[117],"depth-$73$":[118],"Clifford":[119],"circuit,":[120],"doped":[121],"$314$":[123],"$T$":[124],"gates.":[125],"use":[127],"total":[129],"$76$":[131],"physical":[132],"qubits":[133],"encode":[135],"this":[136],"spacetime":[139],"codes,":[140],"effectively":[141],"gate":[143],"error":[144],"rates":[145],"$10\\times$":[147],"after":[148],"syndrome":[149],"post-selection,":[150],"yielding":[152],"state":[154,175,179],"lower":[158],"bound":[159],"$0.349$":[161],"$95\\%$":[163],"confidence.":[164],"Our":[165],"construction":[166],"systematic":[169],"method":[170],"promoting":[172],"stabilizer":[174],"magic":[178],"while":[180],"keeping":[181],"error-detected":[183],"certificate.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-07-29T00:00:00"}