{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171531318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","title":"A single-nucleus atlas of skeletal muscle regeneration identifies distinct macrophage populations and their cytokine environments 2257143","display_name":"A single-nucleus atlas of skeletal muscle regeneration identifies distinct macrophage populations and their cytokine environments 2257143","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171531318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/215/Supplement_1/vkag141.397/70271536/vkag141.397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/215/Supplement_1/vkag141.397/70271536/vkag141.397.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047618685","display_name":"Jea-Hyun Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-5545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-5545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113825674","display_name":"Handong Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/00txhkt32","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jea-Hyun Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handong Global University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077713348","display_name":"Woo Seok Byun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-6563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-6563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113825674","display_name":"Handong Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/00txhkt32","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo Seok Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handong Global University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143844858","display_name":"Eun-Chong Bang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113825674","display_name":"Handong Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/00txhkt32","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eun-Chong Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handong Global University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131437532","display_name":"Yoon-Gyu Shim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113825674","display_name":"Handong Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/00txhkt32","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoon-Gyu Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handong Global University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52064507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"215","issue":"Supplement_1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11962","display_name":"Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10771","display_name":"Wound Healing and Treatments","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle-regeneration","display_name":"skeletal muscle regeneration","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-heterogeneity","display_name":"macrophage heterogeneity","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-polarization","display_name":"macrophage polarization","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/csf-1","display_name":"CSF-1","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-34","display_name":"IL-34","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleus-rna-sequencing","display_name":"single-nucleus RNA sequencing","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-fibers","display_name":"muscle fibers","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smooth-muscle-cells","display_name":"smooth muscle cells","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblasts","display_name":"fibroblasts","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perimysium","display_name":"perimysium","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epimysium","display_name":"epimysium","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscular-dystrophy","display_name":"muscular dystrophy","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdx-mice","display_name":"mdx mice","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-aging","display_name":"muscle aging","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-repair","display_name":"tissue repair","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-depletion","display_name":"macrophage depletion","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7894999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.7542999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136403682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5796041","display_name":"Multinucleate","level":2,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207200792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914","display_name":"Myocyte","level":2,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3763915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3331437","display_name":"Myogenesis","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189014844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118","display_name":"Cell type","level":3,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778106681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416095","display_name":"MyoD","level":4,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797559","display_name":"Muscle tissue","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15635432","display_name":"Single-cell analysis","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148738053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861","display_name":"Cellular differentiation","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776682551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072584","display_name":"Macrophage polarization","level":4,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32046619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14878303","display_name":"Interleukin 13","level":4,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/215/Supplement_1/vkag141.397/70271536/vkag141.397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.397","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/215/Supplement_1/vkag141.397/70271536/vkag141.397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171531318.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171531318.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction":[1],"Skeletal":[2],"muscle":[3,80,164,231,253],"possesses":[4],"a":[5,10,26,44,62,65,149,198,241],"remarkable":[6],"capacity":[7],"for":[8,244],"regeneration,":[9],"process":[11],"tightly":[12],"regulated":[13],"by":[14,122,162,182],"interactions":[15],"between":[16,201],"resident":[17],"stem":[18],"cells":[19,38,81,165],"and":[20,42,75,128,144,156,174,190,193,210,213,219,233,251,266],"the":[21,34,69,88,105,115,172,202,206,214],"immune":[22,37],"system.":[23],"Following":[24],"injury,":[25],"complex":[27],"cascade":[28],"of":[29,36,72,95,104,117,188,204,208,217,261],"events":[30],"is":[31,160,179,240],"initiated,":[32],"involving":[33],"infiltration":[35],"that":[39,56,236],"clear":[40],"debris":[41],"create":[43],"pro-regenerative":[45],"environment.":[46],"Among":[47],"these,":[48],"macrophages":[49,170,247],"are":[50],"critical":[51],"mediators,":[52],"exhibiting":[53],"significant":[54],"plasticity":[55],"allows":[57],"them":[58],"to":[59,64,154,168],"switch":[60],"from":[61,125],"pro-inflammatory":[63,246],"pro-reparative":[66],"phenotype.":[67],"However,":[68],"full":[70],"spectrum":[71],"macrophage":[73,139,209,228],"heterogeneity":[74,229],"their":[76],"precise":[77],"communication":[78],"with":[79,141],"remains":[82],"elusive.":[83],"Methods":[84],"Here,":[85],"we":[86],"present":[87],"first":[89],"single-nucleus":[90],"RNA":[91,119],"sequencing":[92,120],"(snRNA-seq)":[93],"analysis":[94,135,187],"regenerating":[96],"skeletal":[97],"muscle,":[98],"providing":[99],"an":[100],"unprecedented":[101],"high-resolution":[102],"view":[103],"nuclear":[106],"transcriptional":[107,143],"landscape":[108],"during":[109,184],"tissue":[110],"repair.":[111],"This":[112],"approach":[113],"overcomes":[114],"limitations":[116],"single-cell":[118],"(scRNA-seq)":[121],"capturing":[123],"transcripts":[124],"multinucleated":[126],"myofibers":[127],"minimizing":[129],"cellular":[130],"stress":[131],"artifacts.":[132],"Results":[133],"Our":[134],"identified":[136],"three":[137],"distinct":[138],"subpopulations":[140],"unique":[142],"spatial":[145],"profiles.":[146],"We":[147],"uncovered":[148],"differential":[150],"regulation":[151],"axis":[152],"linked":[153],"CSF-1":[155,177,218,239],"IL-34,":[157],"where":[158],"IL-34":[159],"expressed":[161],"smooth":[163],"in":[166,171,230,248],"proximity":[167],"resting":[169],"perimysium":[173],"epimysium,":[175],"while":[176],"expression":[178,215],"transiently":[180],"upregulated":[181],"fibroblasts":[183],"inflammation.":[185],"Comparative":[186],"aged":[189],"dystrophic":[191],"(mdx":[192],"BLA/J)":[194],"mouse":[195],"models":[196],"demonstrated":[197],"direct":[199],"correlation":[200],"degree":[203],"inflammation,":[205],"abundance":[207],"fibroblast":[211],"populations,":[212],"levels":[216],"IL-34.":[220],"Conclusion":[221],"These":[222],"findings":[223],"provide":[224],"novel":[225],"insights":[226],"into":[227],"physiology":[232],"pathology,":[234],"suggesting":[235],"selectively":[237],"targeting":[238],"superior":[242],"strategy":[243],"depleting":[245],"muscular":[249],"dystrophies":[250],"age-related":[252],"decline.":[254],"Funding":[255],"Source":[256],"2021R1I1A3059820":[257],"(National":[258],"Research":[259],"Foundation":[260],"Korea)":[262],"Topic":[263],"Categories":[264],"Computational":[265],"Systems":[267],"Immunology":[268],"(COMP)":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2026-07-29T00:00:00"}