{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171285986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","title":"Do investments in sport pay off: a systematic review and exploratory quasi meta-analysis of social return on investment in sport and physical activity","display_name":"Do investments in sport pay off: a systematic review and exploratory quasi meta-analysis of social return on investment in sport and physical activity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171285986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42919394","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13693046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024476374","display_name":"\u00c1goston Koch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112186","display_name":"Hungarian University of Sports Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01zh80k81","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1goston Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary. koch.agoston@tf.hu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary. koch.agoston@tf.hu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060337852","display_name":"Erika Kendel\u00e9nyi-Guly\u00e1s","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112186","display_name":"Hungarian University of Sports Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01zh80k81","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Kendel\u00e9nyi-Guly\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034920889","display_name":"Tam\u00e1s Sterbenz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112186","display_name":"Hungarian University of Sports Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01zh80k81","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam\u00e1s Sterbenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069822176","display_name":"Gergely Csurilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-9612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-9612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112186","display_name":"Hungarian University of Sports Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01zh80k81","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147073","display_name":"Institute of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/05ng8e884","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109","https://openalex.org/I4210147073","https://openalex.org/I4210155320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155320","display_name":"ELTE Centre for Economic and Regional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051ea1411","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109","https://openalex.org/I4210155320"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gergely Csurilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Economics, ELTE Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary","Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics, ELTE Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109","https://openalex.org/I4210147073","https://openalex.org/I4210155320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Economics and Decision Making Research Centre, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024476374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112186"],"apc_list":{"value":3177,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3177},"apc_paid":{"value":3177,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3177},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32326284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.21469999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-return-on-investment","display_name":"social return on investment","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sport-based-intervention","display_name":"sport-based intervention","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-activity-interventions","display_name":"physical activity interventions","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-value-of-sport","display_name":"social value of sport","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-inactivity","display_name":"physical inactivity","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-promotion","display_name":"health promotion","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sport-for-development","display_name":"sport for development","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2930198","display_name":"Stakeholder engagement","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103144560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670999","display_name":"Investment strategy","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000094703","descriptor_name":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007449","descriptor_name":"Investments","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13693046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13693046/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13693046/pdf/12966_2026_Article_1957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42919394","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42919394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:real.mtak.hu:249674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://real.mtak.hu/249674/1/s12966-026-01957-2.pdf","pdf_url":"https://real.mtak.hu/249674/1/s12966-026-01957-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400081","display_name":"Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210140733","host_organization_name":"Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140733"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a74acab7bb5c4d0f83524b2d2b10f4d6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a74acab7bb5c4d0f83524b2d2b10f4d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 23, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8791865.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-026-01957-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171285986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171285986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579860527","https://openalex.org/W1689673828","https://openalex.org/W1956535214","https://openalex.org/W1972659093","https://openalex.org/W2013444603","https://openalex.org/W2024063229","https://openalex.org/W2031048697","https://openalex.org/W2031875003","https://openalex.org/W2042258798","https://openalex.org/W2072190379","https://openalex.org/W2111722073","https://openalex.org/W2117855475","https://openalex.org/W2134833483","https://openalex.org/W2137020879","https://openalex.org/W2150292700","https://openalex.org/W2160391500","https://openalex.org/W2471796279","https://openalex.org/W2609563494","https://openalex.org/W2941179003","https://openalex.org/W2955681957","https://openalex.org/W3010598793","https://openalex.org/W3042314847","https://openalex.org/W3045205552","https://openalex.org/W3080558363","https://openalex.org/W3213111549","https://openalex.org/W4205755503","https://openalex.org/W4281898782","https://openalex.org/W4317821361","https://openalex.org/W4322742349","https://openalex.org/W4379882341","https://openalex.org/W4380536657","https://openalex.org/W4385491051","https://openalex.org/W4389355179","https://openalex.org/W4391896000","https://openalex.org/W7110988472","https://openalex.org/W7125508445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010598793","https://openalex.org/W4390666824","https://openalex.org/W6939676707","https://openalex.org/W4394197405","https://openalex.org/W4394151549","https://openalex.org/W7223303497","https://openalex.org/W4403270813","https://openalex.org/W7223323842","https://openalex.org/W7223352673","https://openalex.org/W4400137116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Physical":[1],"inactivity":[2],"remains":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,15,99,297],"the":[6,89,113,134,171,222,263,267,271,277,298,303,322,340],"most":[7,181],"pressing":[8],"global":[9],"health":[10,27,234],"concerns,":[11],"contributing":[12],"to":[13,70,116,236,249,274,282,330],"millions":[14],"deaths":[16],"each":[17],"year":[18],"and":[19,34,49,59,93,118,125,133,163,168,200,209,215,276,289,310,334,348],"placing":[20],"a":[21,83,293],"considerable":[22],"financial":[23],"burden":[24],"on":[25,78,161],"public":[26],"systems":[28],"through":[29],"increased":[30],"healthcare":[31],"expenditure.":[32],"Sport":[33],"physical":[35,119,155,311],"activity":[36,120,156,312],"have":[37,62],"been":[38],"recognised":[39],"as":[40,57],"effective":[41],"tools":[42],"for":[43,150,342],"promoting":[44],"health,":[45,91],"strengthening":[46],"social":[47,73,94,316],"inclusion,":[48],"improving":[50],"overall":[51],"well-being.":[52],"Traditional":[53],"evaluation":[54],"approaches,":[55],"such":[56],"cost-benefit":[58],"cost-effectiveness":[60],"analyses,":[61],"helped":[63],"demonstrate":[64],"economic":[65],"value":[66,95,258],"but":[67,256],"often":[68,318],"fail":[69],"capture":[71],"wider":[72],"outcomes.":[74],"The":[75,239,251],"Social":[76,135],"Return":[77],"Investment":[79],"(SROI)":[80],"framework":[81,115],"provides":[82],"more":[84,294],"comprehensive":[85],"approach":[86],"by":[87,206,262],"assessing":[88],"combined":[90],"economic,":[92],"generated":[96],"per":[97],"unit":[98],"investment.":[100],"METHODS:":[101],"This":[102],"systematic":[103],"review":[104],"with":[105,244],"an":[106,147,151],"exploratory":[107,210],"quasi-meta-analytic":[108],"synthesis":[109],"examined":[110],"studies":[111,182,220,338],"applying":[112],"SROI":[114,148,214,227,241,332],"sport":[117,153,309],"interventions":[121,230],"published":[122],"between":[123,213],"2018":[124],"2024.":[126],"Following":[127],"PRISMA":[128],"guidelines,":[129],"five":[130],"academic":[131],"databases":[132],"Value":[136],"UK":[137],"repository":[138],"were":[139,142,159,203],"searched.":[140],"Studies":[141],"included":[143],"if":[144],"they":[145],"reported":[146],"ratio":[149],"empirical":[152],"or":[154,188],"intervention.":[157],"Data":[158],"extracted":[160],"study":[162,216],"intervention":[164],"characteristics,":[165],"outcome":[166],"domains,":[167],"methodological":[169,344],"quality,":[170],"latter":[172],"assessed":[173],"using":[174],"Krlev":[175],"et":[176],"al.'s":[177],"12-point":[178],"framework.":[179],"Because":[180],"did":[183],"not":[184,195],"report":[185],"standard":[186],"deviations":[187],"confidence":[189],"intervals,":[190],"formal":[191],"variance-weighted":[192],"pooling":[193],"was":[194,242,254,259],"possible.":[196],"Therefore,":[197],"descriptive":[198],"unweighted":[199,252,272],"sample-size-weighted":[201,278],"averages":[202,327],"calculated,":[204],"supported":[205],"sensitivity":[207],"analyses":[208,212],"correlation":[211],"characteristics.":[217],"RESULTS:":[218],"Sixteen":[219],"met":[221],"inclusion":[223],"criteria,":[224],"providing":[225],"17":[226],"estimates":[228,245,291],"across":[229,337],"ranging":[231,246],"from":[232,247,280],"preventive":[233],"programmes":[235],"sport-for-development":[237],"initiatives.":[238],"median":[240,288],"5.07:1,":[243],"0.03:1":[248],"101.05:1.":[250],"mean":[253,273,279],"12.22:1,":[255],"this":[257],"strongly":[260],"influenced":[261],"highest":[264],"estimate;":[265],"excluding":[266],"101.05:1":[268],"outlier":[269],"reduced":[270],"6.67:1":[275],"7.07:1":[281],"2.72:1.":[283],"These":[284],"findings":[285],"indicate":[286],"that":[287,306],"sensitivity-adjusted":[290],"provide":[292],"conservative":[295],"summary":[296],"available":[299],"evidence.":[300],"CONCLUSIONS:":[301],"Overall,":[302],"evidence":[304],"indicates":[305],"investment":[307],"in":[308],"generally":[313],"generates":[314],"positive":[315],"value,":[317],"returning":[319],"several":[320],"times":[321],"initial":[323],"cost.":[324],"However,":[325],"pooled":[326],"are":[328],"sensitive":[329],"extreme":[331],"values,":[333],"large":[335],"variations":[336],"highlight":[339],"need":[341],"greater":[343],"consistency,":[345],"clearer":[346],"reporting,":[347],"broader":[349],"geographical":[350],"coverage.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-07-27T00:00:00"}
