{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169854401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","title":"The International Legal Framework for the Dignified Return and Security of Azerbaijanis Deported from Present-Day Armenia","display_name":"The International Legal Framework for the Dignified Return and Security of Azerbaijanis Deported from Present-Day Armenia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169854401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","pdf_url":"https://ajee-journal.com/upload/attaches/att_1784533494.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223808","display_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","issn_l":"2663-0575","issn":["2663-0575","2663-0583"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ajee-journal.com/upload/attaches/att_1784533494.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000759729","display_name":"Saftar Rahimli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4380-4890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4380-4890","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-8622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194342707","display_name":"Baku State University","ror":"https://ror.org/054gw3b40","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194342707"]}],"countries":["AZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saftar Rahimli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baku State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4380-4890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baku State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194342707"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000759729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194342707"],"apc_list":{"value":500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":539},"apc_paid":{"value":500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":539},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13086","display_name":"Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deportation","display_name":"deportation","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-displacement","display_name":"forced displacement","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repatriation","display_name":"repatriation","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jus-cogens","display_name":"jus cogens","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-responsibility","display_name":"state responsibility","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reparations","display_name":"reparations","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restitutio-in-integrum","display_name":"restitutio ad integrum","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guarantees-of-non-repetition","display_name":"non-repetition guarantees","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-criminal-responsibility","display_name":"individual criminal responsibility","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genocide","display_name":"genocide","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geneva-conventions-of-1949","display_name":"Geneva Conventions 1949","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-court-of-justice","display_name":"International Court of Justice","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-court-of-human-rights","display_name":"European Court of Human Rights","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-criminal-tribunal-for-the-former-yugoslavia","display_name":"International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eritrea-ethiopia-claims-commission","display_name":"Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission","score":0.9599999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.623199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60961049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379693","display_name":"Deportation","level":3,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778042224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163552","display_name":"State responsibility","level":3,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779921323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194894","display_name":"Customary international law","level":4,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776243541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q928801","display_name":"Universal jurisdiction","level":3,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185436325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"Public international law","level":3,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778890055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192543","display_name":"Legal doctrine","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195064531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135010","display_name":"War crime","level":3,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776508615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167524","display_name":"Responsibility to protect","level":3,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193170","display_name":"Ratification","level":3,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779621654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845562","display_name":"Transitional justice","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204342414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397","display_name":"Genocide","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","pdf_url":"https://ajee-journal.com/upload/attaches/att_1784533494.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223808","display_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","issn_l":"2663-0575","issn":["2663-0575","2663-0583"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-9.3-a0001987","pdf_url":"https://ajee-journal.com/upload/attaches/att_1784533494.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223808","display_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","issn_l":"2663-0575","issn":["2663-0575","2663-0583"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Access to Justice in Eastern Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169854401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169854401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152138660","https://openalex.org/W615362865","https://openalex.org/W1529336916","https://openalex.org/W1575652035","https://openalex.org/W1976706431","https://openalex.org/W2125178332","https://openalex.org/W2166844546","https://openalex.org/W2480539965","https://openalex.org/W3092164279","https://openalex.org/W3110721479","https://openalex.org/W3121616732","https://openalex.org/W3161824791","https://openalex.org/W3165093723","https://openalex.org/W4256737198","https://openalex.org/W4361224215","https://openalex.org/W4380433299","https://openalex.org/W4388059354","https://openalex.org/W4388277002","https://openalex.org/W4408394879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131791805","https://openalex.org/W4414199810","https://openalex.org/W7154938324","https://openalex.org/W7169699847","https://openalex.org/W7125938488","https://openalex.org/W7133203842","https://openalex.org/W7140958282","https://openalex.org/W7213558149","https://openalex.org/W4415169493","https://openalex.org/W4210987040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,73,251,331],"forced":[2,357],"displacement":[3],"of":[4,24,39,47,52,60,99,116,127,144,167,235,244,264,284,299,356,364,369,389,397,414,433,465],"the":[5,22,34,45,50,97,117,133,141,145,151,162,175,240,245,262,281,287,292,296,304,313,352,360,367,394,403,411,421,445,448],"Western":[6,333],"Azerbaijani":[7,334],"population,":[8],"initially":[9],"uprooted":[10],"from":[11,137,280,407],"territories":[12],"occupied":[13],"by":[14,91,197,231,452],"Russia":[15],"in":[16,30,113,380],"1920":[17],"and":[18,37,66,124,150,164,186,205,217,227,242,248,257,267,303,324,329,344,386,417,425,447,475,485,490],"subsequently":[19],"transferred":[20],"to":[21,87,181,193,209,238,260,340,460,493],"jurisdiction":[23],"Armenia,":[25],"constitutes":[26],"a":[27,57,130,169,183,211,225,232,316,341,374,473,487],"critical":[28],"nexus":[29],"international":[31,61,103,177,199,218,255,276,348,361,400,440],"law":[32],"regarding":[33,174],"repatriation,":[35],"security,":[36],"restoration":[38],"rights":[40,435],"for":[41,70,102,214,291,399,478],"displaced":[42,90,332],"cohorts.":[43],"Under":[44,359],"doctrine":[46],"jus":[48,271,353],"cogens,":[49],"prohibition":[51,355],"deportation":[53],"is":[54,79],"categorised":[55],"as":[56,391,393,444,463],"peremptory":[58,371],"norm":[59],"law,":[62,349],"mandating":[63],"universal":[64],"adherence":[65],"triggering":[67],"state":[68,207],"responsibility":[69,101,269],"its":[71],"breach.":[72],"legal":[74,178,200,215,362,470],"framework":[75,213,318],"governing":[76],"such":[77,443],"cases":[78],"multifaceted,":[80],"drawing":[81],"on":[82],"International":[83,282,288,426],"Humanitarian":[84],"Law":[85,429],"(IHL)":[86],"address":[88,194],"populations":[89],"military":[92],"aggression,":[93],"while":[94],"also":[95],"invoking":[96],"principles":[98,107],"State":[100,268,365],"wrongful":[104],"acts.":[105],"These":[106],"necessitate":[108],"comprehensive":[109],"reparations,":[110],"including":[111,278],"restitutio":[112,379],"integrum":[114],"(restoration":[115],"status":[118,462],"quo":[119],"ante),":[120],"compensation,":[121,383],"rehabilitation,":[122,384],"satisfaction,":[123,385],"robust":[125,387],"guarantees":[126,388],"non-repetition.":[128],"From":[129],"normative":[131,165],"perspective,":[132],"Turkic-Muslim":[134,404],"population":[135,335,405],"deported":[136],"Armenia":[138,408],"remains":[139,409],"under":[140,270,347,410],"protective":[142,219],"umbrella":[143],"1907":[146],"Hague":[147],"Regulations":[148],"(IV)":[149],"1949":[152],"Geneva":[153],"Convention":[154],"(IV).":[155],"While":[156],"extant":[157],"scholarship":[158],"has":[159],"extensively":[160],"documented":[161],"historical":[163,416,480],"dimensions":[166],"deportation,":[168,265],"significant":[170],"analytical":[171],"lacuna":[172],"persists":[173],"specific":[176],"mechanisms":[179],"required":[180],"operationalise":[182],"dignified":[184,342,491],"return":[185,343],"ensure":[187],"long-term":[188],"security.":[189],"This":[190,222],"study":[191,223,314],"seeks":[192],"this":[195],"gap":[196,422],"synthesising":[198,275],"norms,":[201],"individual":[202],"criminal":[203],"accountability,":[204,484],"comparative":[206,310],"practices":[208],"propose":[210],"definitive":[212,474],"remedies":[216],"instruments.":[220],"Method:":[221],"employs":[224],"legal-doctrinal":[226],"comparative-legal":[228],"methodology,":[229],"supplemented":[230],"historical-legal":[233],"review":[234],"archival":[236],"sources":[237],"reconstruct":[239],"context":[241],"intent":[243],"1920,":[246],"1948\u20131956,":[247],"1988":[249],"deportations.":[250],"research":[252],"systematically":[253],"interrogates":[254],"instruments":[256],"scholarly":[258],"literature":[259],"define":[261],"parameters":[263],"genocide,":[266],"cogens":[272,354],"norms.":[273],"By":[274],"jurisprudence,":[277],"rulings":[279],"Court":[283,298],"Justice":[285],"(ICJ),":[286],"Criminal":[289],"Tribunal":[290],"former":[293],"Yugoslavia":[294],"(ICTY),":[295],"European":[297],"Human":[300,427],"Rights":[301,428],"(ECtHR),":[302],"Eritrea-Ethiopia":[305],"Claims":[306],"Commission":[307],"(EECC),":[308],"with":[309],"reparations":[311],"practices,":[312],"proposes":[315],"remedial":[317,376],"encompassing":[319,378],"model":[320],"treaties,":[321],"monitoring":[322],"systems,":[323],"domestic":[325,453],"legislative":[326,454],"measures.":[327],"Results":[328],"Conclusions:":[330],"maintains":[336],"an":[337],"inalienable":[338],"right":[339],"holistic":[345],"security":[346],"predicated":[350],"upon":[351],"displacement.":[358],"regime":[363],"responsibility,":[366],"breach":[368],"these":[370,434,469],"norms":[372],"requires":[373],"multi-layered":[375],"approach,":[377],"integrum,":[381],"financial":[382],"non-repetition,":[390],"well":[392],"rigorous":[395],"prosecution":[396],"individuals":[398],"crimes.":[401],"Normatively,":[402],"expelled":[406],"continuous":[412],"protection":[413],"both":[415],"contemporary":[418],"instruments,":[419],"bridging":[420],"between":[423],"IHL":[424],"(IHRL).":[430],"Practical":[431],"enforcement":[432],"may":[436],"be":[437],"sought":[438],"through":[439],"judicial":[441],"fora,":[442],"ICJ":[446],"ECtHR,":[449],"further":[450],"bolstered":[451],"frameworks":[455],"that":[456],"accord":[457],"formal":[458],"recognition":[459],"their":[461,494],"victims":[464],"genocidal":[466],"intent.":[467],"Collectively,":[468],"architectures":[471],"provide":[472],"actionable":[476],"basis":[477],"restoring":[479],"rights,":[481],"ensuring":[482],"institutional":[483],"facilitating":[486],"safe,":[488],"sustainable,":[489],"repatriation":[492],"ancestral":[495],"homelands.":[496]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-07-22T00:00:00"}