{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169765610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","title":"DEBATE: An Associate Degree Should be Required for Entry Level Paramedics","display_name":"DEBATE: An Associate Degree Should be Required for Entry Level Paramedics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169765610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56068/yazi5535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofparamedicine.com/index.php/ijop/article/download/3543/3340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287134","display_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2831-6967","issn":["2831-6967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://internationaljournalofparamedicine.com/index.php/ijop/article/download/3543/3340","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048972951","display_name":"Michael R. Gunderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-0075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-0075"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gunderson*","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Systems Improvement"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-0075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Systems Improvement","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103691255","display_name":"Lee Edward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Edward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Impact EMS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Impact EMS","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141179653","display_name":"Bauter Edward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bauter Edward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Overrun Productions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Overrun Productions","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103021412","display_name":"Sean M. Caffrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-2499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-2499"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caffrey Sean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crested Butte Fire Protection District"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-2499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crested Butte Fire Protection District","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141214714","display_name":"Imperatrice Louis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3793-1057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3793-1057"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imperatrice Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":["DocGo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3793-1057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DocGo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056347668","display_name":"Gregg S. Margolis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-8604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-8604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927378","display_name":"National Academy of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05bts0a67","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927378","https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margolis Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Academy of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Academy of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141197226","display_name":"Thomas Micheal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-2355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-2355"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Micheal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jan-Care Ambulance, Inc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jan-Care Ambulance, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141209205","display_name":"Todaro John","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todaro John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eagle Emergency Education Consultants"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eagle Emergency Education Consultants","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"13","first_page":"155","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.2703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.2703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14354","display_name":"Emergency Medicine Education and Research","score":0.16750000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paramedics","display_name":"paramedics","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associate-degree","display_name":"associate degree","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paramedic-education","display_name":"paramedic education","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-requirements","display_name":"educational requirements","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paramedic-certification","display_name":"paramedic certification","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781418482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380826","display_name":"Entry Level","level":2,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987006973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17319650","display_name":"Data entry","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017552766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14625016","display_name":"Associate degree","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56068/yazi5535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofparamedicine.com/index.php/ijop/article/download/3543/3340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287134","display_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2831-6967","issn":["2831-6967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56068/yazi5535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56068/yazi5535","pdf_url":"https://internationaljournalofparamedicine.com/index.php/ijop/article/download/3543/3340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287134","display_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2831-6967","issn":["2831-6967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Paramedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169765610.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169765610.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589556848","https://openalex.org/W2889918650","https://openalex.org/W4210690596","https://openalex.org/W4301395471","https://openalex.org/W4317568119","https://openalex.org/W4319294886","https://openalex.org/W4362700165","https://openalex.org/W4400348041","https://openalex.org/W4403231117","https://openalex.org/W4407239636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889918650","https://openalex.org/W2395458574","https://openalex.org/W2103710253","https://openalex.org/W7133533726","https://openalex.org/W2412010629","https://openalex.org/W2405907908","https://openalex.org/W2620672127","https://openalex.org/W2942906176","https://openalex.org/W2425250070","https://openalex.org/W2416937671"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-21T00:00:00"}