{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169732355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","title":"Prospective evaluation of automated KU F40 fecal analysis versus microscopy for intestinal protozoa and illustrative labor costs","display_name":"Prospective evaluation of automated KU F40 fecal analysis versus microscopy for intestinal protozoa and illustrative labor costs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169732355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042044355","display_name":"Varol Tunal\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-2539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-2539"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varol Tunali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-2539","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057037174","display_name":"Nev\u0131n Turgay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4517-3223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4517-3223"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nevin Turgay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-protozoa","display_name":"intestinal protozoa","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stool-microscopy","display_name":"stool microscopy","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasitological-diagnosis","display_name":"parasitological diagnosis","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-costs","display_name":"labor costs","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61716771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496","display_name":"Feces","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018440083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11083","display_name":"Colonic disease","level":4,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2694999873638153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21446426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21446426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21446426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21446427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21446427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21446427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22834126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22834126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22834126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79234-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2414272464","https://openalex.org/W2341128781","https://openalex.org/W7019975981","https://openalex.org/W7128481292","https://openalex.org/W2397016157","https://openalex.org/W235948972","https://openalex.org/W2398679778","https://openalex.org/W2790511348","https://openalex.org/W7101807676","https://openalex.org/W7103884866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Stool":[1],"ova-and-parasite":[2],"(O&P)":[3],"microscopy":[4,23,81,230],"remains":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"but":[8,197,317],"is":[9],"labor-intensive":[10],"and":[11,25,82,110,141,166,180,215,231,261,272,295,339,360],"constrained":[12],"by":[13,79,219],"expert":[14,32,113,119],"availability.":[15],"AI-assisted":[16],"automated":[17,85,102],"fecal":[18,86],"analyzers":[19],"can":[20],"digitize":[21],"stool":[22,69],"workflows":[24,43],"generate":[26],"images":[27],"that":[28,44],"may":[29],"support":[30],"remote":[31],"review;":[33],"however,":[34],"evaluations":[35],"should":[36],"distinguish":[37],"algorithm-only":[38],"output":[39],"from":[40,133,185],"clinically":[41],"deployable":[42],"incorporate":[45],"human":[46,68,108],"verification.":[47],"In":[48],"a":[49,54,277],"prospective":[50],"diagnostic":[51,125,352],"study":[52,248],"at":[53],"tertiary-care":[55],"parasitology":[56],"laboratory":[57],"in":[58,77,335],"Izmir,":[59],"T\u00fcrkiye":[60,268],"(November":[61],"2024\u2013October":[62],"2025),":[63],"1000":[64],"consecutive,":[65],"unselected":[66],"adult":[67],"specimens":[70,90],"submitted":[71],"for":[72,157,162,168,229,234,258,314],"routine":[73,80,146],"testing":[74],"were":[75,198,216,267,303,321],"assessed":[76],"parallel":[78],"the":[83,95,134,174,189,211,282,285,350],"KU-F40":[84,98,148,212,275,328],"analyzer.":[87],"All":[88],"1,000":[89],"contributed":[91],"paired":[92],"entries":[93],"to":[94,145,187],"analysis":[96,129],"tables.":[97],"was":[99,130,249],"evaluated":[100,138],"as":[101],"diagnosis":[103],"(AD;":[104],"algorithm":[105],"call":[106],"before":[107,366],"review)":[109],"AD":[111,126,149,178,260,264],"plus":[112],"user":[114],"verification":[115,172,311],"(AD":[116],"+":[117,127,265],"UV;":[118],"review":[120],"of":[121,155,239,326],"KU-F40-generated":[122],"images).":[123],"The":[124,222,251],"UV":[128,266],"kept":[131],"distinct":[132],"labor-cost":[135],"model,":[136],"which":[137],"illustrative":[139,223,262,286],"30%-verification":[140,263],"universal-verification":[142],"scenarios.":[143],"Relative":[144],"microscopy,":[147,259],"showed":[150],"positive/negative":[151],"percent":[152],"agreement":[153,313],"(PPA/NPA)":[154],"100%/99.8%":[156],"Entamoeba":[158],"histolytica/dispar":[159,193],",":[160],"100%/98.6%":[161],"Giardia":[163,177],"spp":[164],".,":[165],"67.3%/97.7%":[167],"Blastocystis":[169,183],"spp.":[170],"Expert":[171,310],"removed":[173],"14":[175],"microscopy-negative":[176,182,191],"calls":[179,184,194,320],"reduced":[181],"22":[186],"12;":[188],"two":[190],"E.":[192],"remained":[195],"UV-supported":[196,318],"not":[199,306,322,330],"independently":[200],"adjudicated.":[201],"Coccidia":[202],"(":[203],"Cryptosporidium":[204,332],"spp.,":[205],"Cyclospora":[206,334],"cayetanensis":[207],")":[208],"fell":[209],"outside":[210],"classifier":[213],"panel":[214],"identified":[217],"only":[218],"conventional":[220,300,338],"microscopy.":[221],"labor":[224,255,287,293,297],"model":[225,288,304],"assumed":[226],"35":[227],"min/specimen":[228,233],"2":[232],"AD,":[235],"with":[236,356],"10":[237],"min":[238],"specialist":[240],"time":[241],"per":[242],"verified":[243],"specimen;":[244],"no":[245],"formal":[246],"time-and-motion":[247],"performed.":[250],"resulting":[252],"modeled":[253],"direct":[254,296],"costs":[256,298],"(USD/specimen)":[257],"4.56/0.20/0.72,":[269],"Germany":[270],"21.87/0.91/3.46":[271],"UK":[273],"27.21/0.79/4.66.":[274],"provided":[276],"digitized":[278],"screening":[279],"workflow.":[280],"Under":[281],"specified":[283],"assumptions,":[284],"yielded":[289],"lower":[290],"estimated":[291],"hands-on":[292],"inputs":[294],"than":[299],"microscopy;":[301],"these":[302,346],"outputs,":[305],"observed":[307],"operational":[308],"performance.":[309],"improved":[312],"selected":[315],"organisms,":[316],"discordant":[319],"an":[323],"independent":[324,361],"confirmation":[325],"infection.":[327],"did":[329],"cover":[331],"or":[333,368],"this":[336],"evaluation;":[337],"dedicated":[340],"methods":[341],"therefore":[342],"remain":[343],"necessary":[344],"whenever":[345],"organisms":[347],"fall":[348],"within":[349],"requested":[351],"scope.":[353],"Multi-site":[354],"studies":[355],"measured":[357],"workflow":[358],"times":[359],"discordance":[362],"adjudication":[363],"are":[364],"required":[365],"implementation":[367],"cost-effectiveness":[369],"claims.":[370]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-07-20T00:00:00"}
