{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169727294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","title":"WAQF LAND UTILISATION FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW","display_name":"WAQF LAND UTILISATION FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169727294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","pdf_url":"https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/download/7944/7007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178620","display_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","issn_l":"0128-1763","issn":["0128-1763"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/download/7944/7007","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065141563","display_name":"Syahiza Arsad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-8315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-8315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syahiza Arsad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060563780","display_name":"Nur Zharifah Che Adenan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9816-4371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9816-4371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Zharifah Che Adenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123131398","display_name":"Marina Abu Bakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-0575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-0575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Abu Bakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau,Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau,Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071668798","display_name":"Rahayati Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-9999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-9999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117706","display_name":"Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v7nqx28","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117706"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahayati Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141162596","display_name":"Hartinee Abas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94625822","display_name":"Universiti Utara Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01ss10648","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartinee Abas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern University of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern University of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027314687","display_name":"Roshima Haji Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-4566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-4566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshima Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Kedah, Kampus Sungai Petani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"44","first_page":"309","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13456","display_name":"Religion, Society, and Development","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waqf-land","display_name":"waqf land","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-development","display_name":"agricultural development","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-empowerment","display_name":"socio-economic empowerment","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waqf-governance","display_name":"waqf governance","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-framework","display_name":"legal framework","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waqf-financing","display_name":"waqf financing","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development-goals","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goals","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-resilience","display_name":"community resilience","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-enterprise-theory","display_name":"social enterprise theory","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-theory","display_name":"stakeholder theory","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waqf","display_name":"waqf","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777344480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815509","display_name":"Waqf","level":3,"score":0.7584999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778452349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19708004","display_name":"Rural poverty","level":3,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778558971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196418","display_name":"Customary land","level":4,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781188222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929651","display_name":"Grassroots","level":3,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778017510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801901","display_name":"Land grabbing","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559400886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001056","display_name":"Land management","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776351498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434188","display_name":"Sustenance","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28129649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926217","display_name":"Microfinance","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093254","display_name":"Land administration","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183135511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3743137","display_name":"Natural resource management","level":3,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777341207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23583238","display_name":"Sustainable land management","level":4,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778644878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2098047","display_name":"Sharecropping","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","pdf_url":"https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/download/7944/7007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178620","display_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","issn_l":"0128-1763","issn":["0128-1763"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.gaexcellence.com:article/7944","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/view/7944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178620","display_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","issn_l":"0128-1763","issn":["0128-1763"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0128-1763","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.1144019","pdf_url":"https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/download/7944/7007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178620","display_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","issn_l":"0128-1763","issn":["0128-1763"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law Government and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169727294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169727294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973153406","https://openalex.org/W1974697574","https://openalex.org/W2160425632","https://openalex.org/W2755143419","https://openalex.org/W2793275522","https://openalex.org/W2793579025","https://openalex.org/W2897001971","https://openalex.org/W3092428493","https://openalex.org/W3128965443","https://openalex.org/W3156555356","https://openalex.org/W3205189514","https://openalex.org/W3205435264","https://openalex.org/W4310982430","https://openalex.org/W4311016520","https://openalex.org/W4391445441","https://openalex.org/W4399770697","https://openalex.org/W4405129754","https://openalex.org/W4407145671","https://openalex.org/W4407876893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408164132","https://openalex.org/W4405129754","https://openalex.org/W7117562527","https://openalex.org/W7170177117","https://openalex.org/W7220844243","https://openalex.org/W7219248007","https://openalex.org/W7169885278","https://openalex.org/W7156822123","https://openalex.org/W4384940999","https://openalex.org/W7217731255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119,171],"strategic":[1],"utilisation":[2,49,85,210],"of":[3,33,45,81,88,133,136,213,267],"Waqf":[4],"land":[5,48,84,215,269],"for":[6,12,263],"agriculture":[7],"represents":[8],"an":[9,78,228],"important":[10],"mechanism":[11],"achieving":[13],"sustainable":[14,146,191,275],"food":[15,150,181],"security,":[16,151,182],"rural":[17,156],"resilience,":[18],"and":[19,55,61,76,109,112,117,128,138,149,155,161,164,168,187,202,211,222,242,256,273],"inclusive":[20],"socio-economic":[21,40,153,243,271],"development.":[22,193],"However,":[23],"existing":[24,74],"reviews":[25],"have":[26],"primarily":[27],"examined":[28],"waqf":[29,47,83,176,214,268],"from":[30],"the":[31,89,208,234,246,265],"perspectives":[32],"Islamic":[34],"social":[35],"finance":[36],"or":[37],"its":[38],"general":[39],"functions,":[41],"with":[42],"limited":[43],"synthesis":[44],"how":[46],"contributes":[50],"to":[51,180,206,270],"agricultural":[52,147,192,240],"development,":[53,157],"governance,":[54,237],"community":[56,188],"empowerment":[57,154],"across":[58],"different":[59],"institutional":[60,159,252],"geographical":[62],"contexts.":[63],"This":[64],"critical":[65],"literature":[66],"review":[67,120,226,247],"addresses":[68],"this":[69,225],"gap":[70],"by":[71],"critically":[72],"synthesising":[73],"evidence":[75],"developing":[77],"integrated":[79,229],"understanding":[80],"productive":[82,175],"in":[86],"support":[87],"United":[90],"Nations":[91],"Sustainable":[92],"Development":[93],"Goals":[94],"(SDGs),":[95],"particularly":[96],"SDG":[97,101,105,113],"1":[98],"(No":[99],"Poverty),":[100],"2":[102],"(Zero":[103],"Hunger),":[104],"8":[106],"(Decent":[107],"Work":[108],"Economic":[110],"Growth),":[111],"11":[114],"(Sustainable":[115],"Cities":[116],"Communities).":[118],"analysed":[121],"18":[122],"peer-reviewed":[123],"publications":[124],"published":[125],"between":[126],"2009":[127],"2025,":[129],"identified":[130],"through":[131,190],"searches":[132],"Scopus,":[134],"Web":[135],"Science,":[137],"Google":[139],"Scholar.":[140],"Four":[141],"interrelated":[142],"themes":[143],"emerged:":[144],"(i)":[145],"practices":[148],"(ii)":[152],"(iii)":[158],"governance":[160,198],"legal":[162,195,258],"frameworks,":[163],"(iv)":[165],"innovative":[166],"financing":[167,238],"management":[169,200],"models.":[170],"findings":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174,232,249],"initiatives":[177],"contribute":[178],"significantly":[179],"employment":[183],"generation,":[184],"poverty":[185],"alleviation,":[186],"resilience":[189],"Nevertheless,":[194],"fragmentation,":[196],"weak":[197],"structures,":[199],"deficiencies,":[201],"liquidity":[203],"constraints":[204],"continue":[205],"restrict":[207],"effective":[209],"scalability":[212],"initiatives.":[216],"Drawing":[217],"upon":[218],"Social":[219],"Enterprise":[220],"Theory":[221],"Stakeholder":[223],"Theory,":[224],"proposes":[227],"conceptual":[230],"framework":[231],"explains":[233],"interrelationships":[235],"among":[236],"mechanisms,":[239],"innovation,":[241,255],"outcomes.":[244],"Ultimately,":[245],"emphasises":[248],"professionalised":[250],"management,":[251],"collaboration,":[253],"technological":[254],"harmonised":[257],"frameworks":[259],"are":[260],"essential":[261],"prerequisites":[262],"enhancing":[264],"contribution":[266],"development":[272,276],"supporting":[274],"objectives.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-07-20T00:00:00"}