{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169654010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169654010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227634","display_name":"IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies","issn_l":"2616-2148","issn":["2616-2148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141143686","display_name":"Khalil T. Abu Al-Rus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalil T. Abu Al-Rus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5141143686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46714553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.5942000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.5942000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.29249998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-investigation","display_name":"judicial investigation","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-law","display_name":"Islamic law","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227634","display_name":"IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies","issn_l":"2616-2148","issn":["2616-2148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iugaza.edu.ps:article/15454","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iugaza.edu.ps/index.php/IUGJSLS/article/view/15454","pdf_url":"https://journals.iugaza.edu.ps/index.php/IUGJSLS/article/download/15454/5188","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227634","display_name":"IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies","issn_l":"2616-2148","issn":["2616-2148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2616-2148","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33976/iugjsls.v34i2.15454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227634","display_name":"IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies","issn_l":"2616-2148","issn":["2616-2148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169654010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169654010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219528809","https://openalex.org/W4411784214","https://openalex.org/W4404223949","https://openalex.org/W4412180227","https://openalex.org/W2805773913","https://openalex.org/W4411772957","https://openalex.org/W4412142575","https://openalex.org/W4411831427","https://openalex.org/W2998719241","https://openalex.org/W7203721721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[1,55],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[2,56],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[4],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629":[7,50],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[8],"\u0645\u0646":[9,33,91,102],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646":[10],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[11,63,142],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c":[12],"\u0641\u064a":[13,49,66,118,122,132,135],"\u0636\u0648\u0621":[14],"\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[15,28],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a":[17],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629":[18],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[19],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[20],"\u0642\u0627\u0645":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b":[22,75,100],"\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645":[23],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[24,83],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[25],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639":[26],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[30,36],"\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[35],"\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645":[37],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[38,72],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u061b":[39],"\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[40],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[41],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629":[42],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[44],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[45],"\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627":[46],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629":[51],"\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c":[52],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[53],"\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a":[54],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[57,77],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[62],"\u0630\u0627\u062a":[64,143],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[68],"\u0625\u0646":[69],"\u0644\u0632\u0645":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628":[73],"\u0647\u064a\u0623":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641":[76],"\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621":[79],"\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642":[81],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c":[84],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[85,89],"\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a":[86],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647":[87],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646":[88],"\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627":[90],"\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631":[92],"\u0623\u0648":[93],"\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0628":[94],"\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064f":[95],"\u0644\u0645\u0627":[96],"\u0647\u0648":[97,110],"\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c":[98],"\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644":[99],"\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[103],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:":[104],"\u0623\u0646":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0650":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0650":[107,127],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[109],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064c":[111],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064c":[112],"\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064c":[113],"\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064f":[114],"\u0628\u0647":[115,139],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064f":[116],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a":[117],"\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650":[119],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629\u064d":[120],"\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064f":[121],"\u062d\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0645\u0627":[123],"\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0650":[124],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0650":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0650":[126],"\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0650":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c":[129],"\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641":[133],"\u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[136],"\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u064b":[137],"\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646":[138],"\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a":[141],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-19T00:00:00"}