{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169649573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","title":"A cross-sectional study of cosmetic surgery tendency and its psychological and media-related factors among medical students in 2024\u20132025","display_name":"A cross-sectional study of cosmetic surgery tendency and its psychological and media-related factors among medical students in 2024\u20132025","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169649573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961860","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13722214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360409&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360409&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009459471","display_name":"Parviz Shahmirzalou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-5191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-5191"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parviz Shahmirzalou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ayatollah Khoei Educational & Treatment Center, Khoy University of Medical Sciences","Khoy University of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ayatollah Khoei Educational & Treatment Center, Khoy University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoy University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002596524","display_name":"Vahid Sabri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-7325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-7325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Sabri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khoy University of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoy University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029940373","display_name":"Hassan Ebrahimpour Sadagheyani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272741","display_name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04n65fn83","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272741"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Ebrahimpour Sadagheyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khoy University of Medical Sciences","Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khoy University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029940373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272741"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51708487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"e0360409","last_page":"e0360409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12663","display_name":"Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12663","display_name":"Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13169","display_name":"Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11322","display_name":"Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-image-perception","display_name":"body image perception","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-surgery","display_name":"cosmetic surgery","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780620123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242","display_name":"Beauty","level":2,"score":0.5932000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516445","display_name":"Bachelor","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137762411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182442","display_name":"Plastic surgery","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130537919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780294","display_name":"Human physical appearance","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993868924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163727","display_name":"Bachelor degree","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502701156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13439429","display_name":"Biomedical sciences","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020610715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical science","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001828","descriptor_name":"Body Image","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012649","descriptor_name":"Self Concept","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013337","descriptor_name":"Students, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013518","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Plastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360409&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42961860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21433147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21433148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22798232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22798232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22798232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360409","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360409&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169649573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169649573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59081357","https://openalex.org/W2024736030","https://openalex.org/W2050974079","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2604884516","https://openalex.org/W2981981308","https://openalex.org/W3043732501","https://openalex.org/W3085407651","https://openalex.org/W3113398678","https://openalex.org/W3119013004","https://openalex.org/W4200388924","https://openalex.org/W4233920981","https://openalex.org/W4286005656","https://openalex.org/W4411292731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043732501","https://openalex.org/W2194089097","https://openalex.org/W207389445","https://openalex.org/W4406562344","https://openalex.org/W4312468101","https://openalex.org/W4410299467","https://openalex.org/W1984322685","https://openalex.org/W4408979544","https://openalex.org/W6931073739","https://openalex.org/W4411942263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Over":[1],"15":[2],"million":[3,8,188],"plastic":[4],"surgeries":[5],"and":[6,18,60,80,108,126,138,170,179,201,226,256],"19":[7],"non-plastic":[9],"aesthetic":[10],"procedures":[11],"were":[12,111,141,162,196,235],"carried":[13],"out":[14],"globally":[15],"between":[16,198],"2020":[17],"2023,":[19],"representing":[20],"a":[21,181,211,239],"substantial":[22],"growth":[23],"of":[24,33,40,48,56,69,95,155,184,214,260],"more":[25,185],"than":[26,186],"40%,":[27],"according":[28],"to":[29,44,73,113,143,262],"the":[30,46,67,103,145,175,258],"International":[31],"Society":[32],"Aesthetic":[34],"Plastic":[35],"Surgery":[36],"(ISAPS).":[37],"The":[38,152,160],"purpose":[39],"this":[41],"study":[42,88],"was":[43,157],"ascertain":[45],"degree":[47],"propensity":[49],"for":[50,102],"cosmetic":[51,132,205,243,249],"surgery":[52,206,250],"among":[53],"Khoy":[54,93],"University":[55,94],"Medical":[57,96],"Sciences":[58],"students":[59,91],"investigate":[61],"its":[62],"associations":[63],"with":[64,238],"demographic":[65,199],"features,":[66],"frequency":[68,213,259],"watching":[70,215],"content":[71,217],"related":[72],"beauty":[74],"(per":[75],"day),":[76],"perceived":[77,119],"body":[78,120],"image,":[79,121],"self-esteem.":[81],"MATERIALS":[82],"AND":[83],"METHODS:":[84],"This":[85],"analytical":[86],"cross-sectional":[87],"included":[89],"196":[90],"from":[92],"Sciences,":[97],"selected":[98],"via":[99],"convenience":[100],"sampling":[101],"2024-2025":[104],"academic":[105],"year.":[106],"Valid":[107],"reliable":[109],"questionnaires":[110],"used":[112,142],"gather":[114],"data:":[115],"69":[116],"items":[117,123,128],"on":[118,124,129],"10":[122],"self-esteem,":[125,255],"24":[127],"tendency":[130,203,241,247],"toward":[131,204,242,248],"surgery.":[133,244],"Multiple":[134],"linear":[135],"regression,":[136],"ANOVA,":[137],"independent":[139],"t-tests":[140],"analyze":[144],"data":[146],"in":[147,168],"SPSS":[148],"version":[149],"26.":[150],"RESULTS:":[151],"mean":[153,202],"age":[154],"participants":[156],"23":[158],"years.":[159],"majority":[161],"female":[163],"(86%),":[164],"single":[165],"(94%),":[166],"enrolled":[167],"health":[169],"basic":[171],"sciences":[172],"(43%),":[173],"at":[174],"bachelor":[176],"level":[177],"(75%),":[178],"reported":[180],"monthly":[182],"income":[183],"300":[187],"Iranian":[189],"Rials":[190],"(52%).":[191],"No":[192],"statistically":[193],"significant":[194],"differences":[195],"observed":[197],"features":[200],"(P":[207],">":[208],"0.05).":[209],"However,":[210],"high":[212],"beauty\u2011related":[216],"per":[218],"day":[219],"(\u03b2":[220,229],"=":[221,230],"10.06,":[222],"P":[223,232],"<":[224,233],"0.001)":[225,234],"low":[227],"self\u2011esteem":[228],"-1.25,":[231],"significantly":[236],"associated":[237],"greater":[240],"CONCLUSION:":[245],"Students'":[246],"is":[251],"influenced":[252],"by":[253],"their":[254],"even":[257],"exposure":[261],"beauty-related":[263],"content.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-07-19T00:00:00"}