{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169588317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","title":"Artificial Neural Network-Based Estimation of Compressive Strength in Clay Masonry Walls","display_name":"Artificial Neural Network-Based Estimation of Compressive Strength in Clay Masonry Walls","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169588317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/eng7070350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179454","display_name":"Eng\u2014Advances in Engineering","issn_l":"2673-4117","issn":["2673-4117"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eng","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102943950","display_name":"Bojan Milo\u0161evi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14245010","display_name":"University of Kragujevac","ror":"https://ror.org/04f7vj627","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14245010"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bojan Milo\u0161evi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14245010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nenad Koji\u0107","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254898","display_name":"Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02c798j29","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254898"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nenad Koji\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies, Zdravka Celara 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies, Zdravka Celara 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006598295","display_name":"\u017darko Petrovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-8259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-8259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u017darko Petrovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18104 Ni\u0161, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-8259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18104 Ni\u0161, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055726980","display_name":"Vladimir Mandi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-171X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-171X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14245010","display_name":"University of Kragujevac","ror":"https://ror.org/04f7vj627","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14245010"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Mandi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-171X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14245010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022645417","display_name":"Andrija Zori\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-9204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-9204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrija Zori\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18104 Ni\u0161, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-9204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Ni\u0161, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18104 Ni\u0161, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055726980","https://openalex.org/A5102943950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14245010"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1448},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47376683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"7","first_page":"350","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11352","display_name":"Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11352","display_name":"Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12105","display_name":"Hygrothermal properties of building materials","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength-prediction","display_name":"compressive strength prediction","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eurocode-6","display_name":"Eurocode 6","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masonry-units","display_name":"masonry units","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar-compressive-strength","display_name":"mortar compressive strength","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-modeling","display_name":"surrogate models","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-dependence-analysis","display_name":"partial dependence analysis","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535899295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272999","display_name":"Masonry","level":2,"score":0.8496999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6503999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.6108999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181781793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434513","display_name":"Eurocode","level":2,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500666722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080293","display_name":"Solid mechanics","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133199616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25386885","display_name":"Empirical modelling","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/eng7070350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179454","display_name":"Eng\u2014Advances in Engineering","issn_l":"2673-4117","issn":["2673-4117"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eng","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ff7651a22d4422ba21f4de3ee410c39","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ff7651a22d4422ba21f4de3ee410c39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eng, Vol 7, Iss 7, p 350 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/eng7070350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179454","display_name":"Eng\u2014Advances in Engineering","issn_l":"2673-4117","issn":["2673-4117"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eng","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.420244425535202}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976795124","https://openalex.org/W1978823914","https://openalex.org/W2004740020","https://openalex.org/W2006093868","https://openalex.org/W2009504820","https://openalex.org/W2012042641","https://openalex.org/W2064790011","https://openalex.org/W2064945474","https://openalex.org/W2072459226","https://openalex.org/W2078669451","https://openalex.org/W2082488071","https://openalex.org/W2113143593","https://openalex.org/W2117692137","https://openalex.org/W2311053017","https://openalex.org/W2472925642","https://openalex.org/W2515871802","https://openalex.org/W2736762113","https://openalex.org/W2908704287","https://openalex.org/W2914297855","https://openalex.org/W2980659822","https://openalex.org/W3002420083","https://openalex.org/W3006195966","https://openalex.org/W3006542512","https://openalex.org/W3203858961","https://openalex.org/W4251603474","https://openalex.org/W4388655974","https://openalex.org/W4412698722","https://openalex.org/W7126154883","https://openalex.org/W7157277894"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,12,21,99,129,140,146,154,161,218,228,271,284],"application":[4],"of":[5,15,26,59,180,212,227],"artificial":[6],"neural":[7,34],"networks":[8],"(ANNs)":[9],"for":[10,128,172,203,237],"estimating":[11],"compressive":[13,70,73],"strength":[14],"clay":[16],"masonry":[17,52,66,75,147,181],"walls":[18],"based":[19,193],"on":[20,186,194,283],"mechanical":[22],"and":[23,48,54,69,79,88,112,134,150,176,200,206,249,259,280],"geometrical":[24],"properties":[25],"their":[27],"constituent":[28,141],"materials.":[29],"A":[30],"multilayer":[31],"perceptron":[32],"(MLP)":[33],"network":[35],"was":[36,96,105,273],"developed":[37,166],"using":[38,98,107],"a":[39,169,195,224,235,245,262],"hybrid":[40],"dataset":[41,199],"derived":[42],"from":[43],"Eurocode":[44,162,196,229],"6":[45,163,197,230],"empirical":[46,188],"formulations":[47],"representative":[49],"commercially":[50],"available":[51],"units":[53],"mortars,":[55],"enabling":[56],"systematic":[57],"generation":[58],"realistic":[60],"input\u2013output":[61],"relationships.":[62],"Input":[63],"parameters":[64],"included":[65],"unit":[67,76,148],"dimensions":[68],"strength,":[71,74],"mortar":[72,80,151],"classification":[77,149],"group,":[78],"type.":[81],"Different":[82],"ANN":[83,117,219],"topologies":[84],"with":[85,123,145,160],"ReLU,":[86],"tanh,":[87],"logistic":[89],"activation":[90],"functions":[91],"were":[92],"analyzed,":[93],"while":[94],"training":[95],"performed":[97],"Adam":[100],"optimization":[101],"algorithm.":[102],"Model":[103],"performance":[104],"evaluated":[106],"MSE,":[108],"MAE,":[109],"RMSE,":[110],"R2,":[111],"5-fold":[113],"cross-validation.":[114],"The":[115,165,190],"proposed":[116],"model":[118,167,191,226],"achieved":[119],"high":[120],"prediction":[121],"accuracy,":[122],"R2":[124],"values":[125],"approaching":[126],"0.98":[127],"optimal":[130],"configuration.":[131],"Sensitivity,":[132],"SHAP,":[133],"partial":[135],"dependence":[136],"analyses":[137],"confirmed":[138],"that":[139,252],"material":[142],"strengths,":[143],"together":[144],"type,":[152],"are":[153],"most":[155],"influential":[156],"inputs,":[157],"in":[158,243],"agreement":[159],"formulation.":[164],"provides":[168],"practical":[170],"tool":[171],"preliminary":[173],"engineering":[174,207],"assessment":[175],"rapid":[177],"comparative":[178],"analysis":[179],"wall":[182],"configurations,":[183],"reducing":[184],"reliance":[185],"repetitive":[187],"calculations.":[189],"is":[192,201,220],"synthetic":[198],"intended":[202],"predictive":[204],"approximation":[205,251],"support":[208],"rather":[209,232],"than":[210,233],"replacement":[211,236],"experimental":[213],"testing.":[214],"In":[215],"this":[216],"study,":[217],"explicitly":[221],"framed":[222],"as":[223,234,261],"surrogate":[225,272],"formulation":[231],"it:":[238],"its":[239,269],"added":[240],"value":[241],"lies":[242],"providing":[244],"fast,":[246],"continuously":[247],"differentiable,":[248],"interpretable":[250],"enables":[253],"large-scale":[254],"parameter":[255],"exploration,":[256],"interpretability":[257],"analysis,":[258],"deployment":[260],"real-time":[263],"decision-support":[264],"web":[265],"service.":[266],"To":[267],"confirm":[268],"robustness,":[270],"benchmarked":[274],"against":[275],"Linear":[276],"Regression,":[277],"Random":[278],"Forest,":[279],"XGBoost":[281],"models":[282],"identical":[285],"dataset.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-07-18T00:00:00"}
