{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7169123791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","title":"Anti-Corruption Examination of Normative Legal Acts in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Legal Analysis","display_name":"Anti-Corruption Examination of Normative Legal Acts in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Legal Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7169123791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196451","display_name":"International political economy series","issn_l":"2662-2483","issn":["2662-2483","2662-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Political Economy Series","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"parent_works":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168911930","display_name":"The Political Economy of Legal and Governance Reform in Central Asia: Law, Informality and Social Norms","relationship":"volume"}],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7169123791","https://openalex.org/W7168911930"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011504075","display_name":"Daniya Nurmukhankyzy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-1370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-1370","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-1975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163871","display_name":"Zhetysu University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq5hr59","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163871"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniya Nurmukhankyzy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhetysu University, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhetysu University, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011504075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163871"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"507","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.17309999465942383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13616","display_name":"Governance, Compliance, and Sustainability","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-legal-acts","display_name":"normative legal acts","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-drafting","display_name":"legislative drafting","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption-risk-assessment","display_name":"corruption risk assessment","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-governance","display_name":"preventive governance","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-socialist-states","display_name":"post-socialist states","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uzbekistan","display_name":"Uzbekistan","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-accountability","display_name":"legislative accountability","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-governance","display_name":"informal governance","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778680907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725430","display_name":"Lawmaking","level":3,"score":0.8561999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical examination","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497143","display_name":"Legal culture","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776310101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524235","display_name":"Global governance","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521078695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4180175","display_name":"Legal practice","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780543919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5655555","display_name":"Hard law","level":4,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508889258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858400","display_name":"Political corruption","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196451","display_name":"International political economy series","issn_l":"2662-2483","issn":["2662-2483","2662-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Political Economy Series","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-032-28163-0_19.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196451","display_name":"International political economy series","issn_l":"2662-2483","issn":["2662-2483","2662-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319972","host_organization_name":"Springer International Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319972","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer International Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Political Economy Series","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2928114056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-RISE-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3158807107","display_name":"Legal Cultures and Business Environments in Central Asia","funder_award_id":"870647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477743816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3943586350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020\u2010MSCA\u2010RISE\u20102019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8367957132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-RISE-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8512683158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9644609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020 MSCA Rise","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169123791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7169123791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592954640","https://openalex.org/W1984269800","https://openalex.org/W2015176410","https://openalex.org/W2029462710","https://openalex.org/W2041130863","https://openalex.org/W2480202704","https://openalex.org/W2760165381","https://openalex.org/W2913921323","https://openalex.org/W3141406740","https://openalex.org/W4226214330","https://openalex.org/W4242931235","https://openalex.org/W4243165750","https://openalex.org/W4247802930","https://openalex.org/W4281487060","https://openalex.org/W4386454421","https://openalex.org/W4399809654","https://openalex.org/W4400007457","https://openalex.org/W4400887881","https://openalex.org/W4410433670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223064375","https://openalex.org/W2791866292","https://openalex.org/W2758247575","https://openalex.org/W2760432421","https://openalex.org/W7218246758","https://openalex.org/W7168606806","https://openalex.org/W4280489758","https://openalex.org/W4319956338","https://openalex.org/W7219257512","https://openalex.org/W4304755644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,49,78,229],"examines":[2],"anti-corruption":[3,31,83,112,136,234],"examination":[4,32,84,123,137,198],"of":[5,64,82,124,145,171,243,249,257,275],"normative":[6],"legal":[7,40,99,117,147,259,267],"acts":[8],"as":[9,119,121,139],"a":[10,18,51,70,140,182],"preventive":[11,258],"governance":[12,151],"instrument":[13],"in":[14,45,91],"post-socialist":[15],"contexts,":[16],"with":[17,101,108,149],"particular":[19],"focus":[20,240],"on":[21,264,271],"Kazakhstan":[22,92],"and":[23,39,73,88,93,110,116,127,158,174,184,193,219,233,279],"Uzbekistan.":[24,94],"Although":[25],"both":[26,203],"countries":[27],"have":[28],"formally":[29],"institutionalised":[30],"within":[33],"their":[34],"lawmaking":[35,250],"processes,":[36],"corruption":[37,205],"risks":[38,206],"loopholes":[41],"continue":[42,58],"to":[43,59,199,231,246],"persist":[44],"enacted":[46],"legislation.":[47],"The":[48,95,132,228],"addresses":[50],"central":[52],"puzzle:":[53],"why":[54],"do":[55],"corruption-inducing":[56],"provisions":[57],"emerge":[60],"despite":[61],"the":[62,77,80,168,211,238,247,255,272],"existence":[63],"mandatory":[65,185],"risk":[66],"assessment":[67],"mechanisms?":[68],"Adopting":[69],"comparative":[71],"socio-legal":[72,232],"political":[74,277],"economy":[75],"approach,":[76],"analyses":[79],"evolution":[81],"frameworks,":[85],"institutional":[86,220,273],"designs,":[87],"implementation":[89],"practices":[90],"analysis":[96],"combines":[97],"doctrinal":[98],"review":[100],"qualitative":[102],"empirical":[103],"data,":[104],"including":[105],"semi-structured":[106],"interviews":[107],"current":[109],"former":[111],"experts,":[113],"government":[114],"officials,":[115],"practitioners,":[118],"well":[120],"an":[122,155],"expert":[125,172],"conclusions":[126,173],"publicly":[128],"debated":[129],"legislative":[130,285],"cases.":[131],"findings":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that":[135,222,254,283],"operates":[138],"hybrid":[141],"institution,":[142],"combining":[143],"elements":[144],"formal":[146],"rationality":[148],"informal":[150,280],"practices.":[152],"In":[153,180,202],"Kazakhstan,":[154],"externally":[156],"oriented":[157],"transparent":[159],"\u201cscientific\u201d":[160],"model":[161,186],"enhances":[162],"visibility":[163],"but":[164,190,269],"remains":[165],"constrained":[166],"by":[167,236],"advisory":[169],"status":[170],"weak":[175],"mechanisms":[176],"for":[177],"enforcing":[178],"recommendations.":[179],"Uzbekistan,":[181],"centralised":[183],"ensures":[187],"comprehensive":[188],"coverage":[189],"limits":[191],"transparency":[192],"independent":[194],"scrutiny,":[195],"often":[196],"reducing":[197],"procedural":[200],"compliance.":[201],"cases,":[204],"are":[207],"frequently":[208],"embedded":[209],"at":[210],"drafting":[212],"stage":[213],"through":[214],"vague":[215],"formulations,":[216],"discretionary":[217],"powers,":[218],"designs":[221],"concentrate":[223],"authority":[224],"while":[225],"diffusing":[226],"accountability.":[227],"contributes":[230],"scholarship":[235],"shifting":[237],"analytical":[239],"from":[241],"failures":[242],"law":[244],"enforcement":[245],"politics":[248],"itself.":[251],"It":[252],"demonstrates":[253],"effectiveness":[256],"instruments":[260],"depends":[261],"not":[262],"only":[263],"methodology":[265],"or":[266],"design":[268],"also":[270],"positioning":[274],"expertise,":[276],"incentives,":[278],"power":[281],"relations":[282],"shape":[284],"processes.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}
