{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168952103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","title":"Long-Acting RXR Agonism Preserves Retinal Function and Modulates Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy","display_name":"Long-Acting RXR Agonism Preserves Retinal Function and Modulates Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168952103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/figshare.32771778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Diabetes Association","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123216796","display_name":"Emory Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emory Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038004542","display_name":"Ehsan Kaffash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-6690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-6690"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Kaffash","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119504687","display_name":"Fadeela Sheini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8066-6342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8066-6342"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadeela Sheini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091954302","display_name":"Ashley Rennhack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley Rennhack","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068573762","display_name":"Micheli S. Sielski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-7954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-7954"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micheli Severo Sielski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037778249","display_name":"Assylbek A. Zhylkibayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-1505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-1505"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assylbek Zhylkibayev","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045419036","display_name":"Sergio Li Calzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-1519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-1519"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Li Calzi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090514311","display_name":"Sagun Poudel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagun Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034766267","display_name":"Venkatram R. Atigadda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-0403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-0403"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatram Attigada","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140973310","display_name":"Qingguo Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingguo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083537513","display_name":"Maria B. Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6470-0255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6470-0255","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-8844","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-4827"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria B. Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003383828","display_name":"Marina S. Gorbatyuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-856X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-856X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina S. Gorbatyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravitreal-drug-delivery","display_name":"intravitreal drug delivery","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinitis","display_name":"retinal inflammation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia-macrophage-infiltration","display_name":"microglia/macrophage infiltration","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptor-function","display_name":"photoreceptor function","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-receptor-heterodimers","display_name":"nuclear receptor heterodimers","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors","display_name":"peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lxrbeta","display_name":"LXR\u03b2","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-metabolism","display_name":"lipid metabolism","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/db-db-mice","display_name":"db/db mice","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-function","display_name":"retinal function","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128821507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454518","display_name":"Retinoid X receptor","level":5,"score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779113765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681562","display_name":"Electroretinography","level":3,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63932345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422500","display_name":"Nuclear receptor","level":4,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68484354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17516011","display_name":"Retinoid X receptor alpha","level":5,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781040256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316761","display_name":"Retinal degeneration","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7243750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2343133","display_name":"Scotopic vision","level":3,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775954498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420418","display_name":"Retinoid","level":4,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167400880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454539","display_name":"Liver X receptor","level":5,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778125517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12745201","display_name":"Eticlopride","level":5,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910227669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retinal Disorder","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779424989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5959131","display_name":"Hypoactivity","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425517","display_name":"Retinoic acid","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735343","display_name":"Muller glia","level":4,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4733338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2792936","display_name":"Lipid metabolism","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/figshare.32771778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Diabetes Association","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/figshare.32771778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.32771778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Diabetes Association","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387060253","https://openalex.org/W3093181452","https://openalex.org/W2964156697","https://openalex.org/W7163827384","https://openalex.org/W2742867082","https://openalex.org/W7128069524","https://openalex.org/W2196507910","https://openalex.org/W2413781660","https://openalex.org/W2094669432","https://openalex.org/W2886533316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,11],"a":[4,61,178],"leading":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,29,80],"vision":[8],"loss":[9],"and":[10,32,34,52,69,91,100,107,126,134,139,150,161],"associated":[12],"with":[13,43],"reduced":[14,135],"nuclear":[15,49,171],"retinoid":[16],"X":[17],"receptor":[18,50],"(RXR)":[19],"activity.":[20],"Retinal":[21],"explants":[22],"exposed":[23],"to":[24,88],"high":[25],"glucose":[26],"showed":[27],"downregulation":[28],"RXR,":[30],"PPAR,":[31],"LXR\u03b2":[33],"their":[35],"lipid":[36],"metabolism":[37],"targets":[38],"(Abca1,":[39],"Scd1,":[40],"Acox1).":[41],"Supplementation":[42],"the":[44],"RXR":[45,63,145],"agonist":[46,64],"UAB126":[47],"restored":[48],"signaling":[51],"preferentially":[53],"activated":[54],"RXR/PPAR":[55],"heterodimers.":[56],"We":[57],"evaluated":[58],"UAB126-microparticles":[59],"(UAB126-MP),":[60],"sustained-release":[62],"formulation,":[65],"for":[66,86,182],"pharmacokinetic,":[67],"molecular,":[68],"functional":[70],"effects":[71],"in":[72],"db/db":[73],"mouse":[74],"retina.":[75],"A":[76],"single":[77],"intravitreal":[78],"injection":[79],"UAB126-MP":[81,97,165],"provided":[82],"extended":[83],"drug":[84],"exposure":[85],"up":[87],"six":[89,113,123],"months":[90,106],"increased":[92],"retinal":[93,131,168],"RXR\u03b1":[94],"expression.":[95],"Functionally,":[96],"preserved":[98],"scotopic":[99],"photopic":[101],"electroretinographic":[102],"responses":[103],"at":[104,112],"two":[105],"sustained":[108],"cone":[109],"photoreceptor":[110],"function":[111],"months.":[114],"However,":[115],"it":[116],"did":[117],"not":[118,155],"reduce":[119],"acellular":[120],"capillaries.":[121],"At":[122],"months,":[124],"immunostaining":[125],"flow":[127],"cytometry":[128],"revealed":[129],"decreased":[130],"macrophage/microglial":[132],"infiltration":[133],"CD45-positive":[136],"myeloid":[137],"cells":[138],"monocytes.":[140],"These":[141],"findings":[142],"indicate":[143],"that":[144],"agonism":[146],"supports":[147],"neuronal":[148],"protection":[149,169],"immune":[151],"modulation":[152],"but":[153],"does":[154],"prevent":[156],"vasodegeneration,":[157],"suggesting":[158],"primarily":[159],"neuroprotective":[160],"anti-inflammatory":[162],"actions.":[163],"Collectively,":[164],"confers":[166],"durable":[167],"through":[170],"receptor\u2013mediated":[172],"pathways,":[173],"underscoring":[174],"its":[175],"potential":[176],"as":[177],"long-acting":[179],"therapeutic":[180],"strategy":[181],"DR.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}
