{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168569999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.13147","title":"How You Ask Shapes What You Get: Auditing Breast-Cancer Misinformation in TikTok Search","display_name":"How You Ask Shapes What You Get: Auditing Breast-Cancer Misinformation in TikTok Search","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168569999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.13147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.13147","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13147","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.13147","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.13147","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140756058","display_name":"Pooriya Jamie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5750-111X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5750-111X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie, Pooriya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775579","display_name":"Homa Hosseinmardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-2932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-2932","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-821X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosseinmardi, Homa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012092057","display_name":"Rezvaneh Rezapour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-4785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-4785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rezapour, Rezvaneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science , Drexel University , Pennsylvania , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science , Drexel University , Pennsylvania , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096130906","display_name":"Aria Pessianzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8517-2811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8517-2811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pessianzadeh, Aria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science , Drexel University , Pennsylvania , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science , Drexel University , Pennsylvania , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103153387","display_name":"Patricia A. Ganz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-4143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-4143"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganz, Patricia A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133905398","display_name":"Amir Ghasemian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghasemian, Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication , University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-misinformation","display_name":"health misinformation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine","display_name":"complementary and alternative medicine","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation-exposure","display_name":"misinformation exposure","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-result-ranking","display_name":"search result ranking","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-seeking","display_name":"health information seeking","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-auditing","display_name":"algorithmic auditing","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9663000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.7128000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.59170001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778746772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16251440","display_name":"Coproduction","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79585631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431498","display_name":"Confirmation bias","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136714292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440683","display_name":"Framing effect","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019806175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11974939","display_name":"Health professionals","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019150057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779279","display_name":"Medical information","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776636917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772297","display_name":"Information seeking","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.13147","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13147","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.13147","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2607.13147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.13147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2607.13147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2607.13147","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13147","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.13147","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168569999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168569999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172130640","https://openalex.org/W4415002218","https://openalex.org/W3088627534","https://openalex.org/W3146353854","https://openalex.org/W6906696688","https://openalex.org/W7116681611","https://openalex.org/W4414794443","https://openalex.org/W7223632418","https://openalex.org/W3122019737","https://openalex.org/W4206076429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millions":[0],"of":[1,54,116,151,233],"people":[2],"use":[3],"TikTok":[4,55,228],"to":[5,20,62,190,203],"seek":[6],"health":[7,21],"information,":[8],"yet":[9],"little":[10],"is":[11,103,187],"known":[12],"about":[13],"how":[14],"users'":[15],"search":[16,36,176,216,236],"queries":[17,111,147],"shape":[18],"exposure":[19,186,226],"misinformation.":[22],"Whereas":[23],"prior":[24],"algorithm":[25],"audits":[26],"have":[27],"focused":[28],"primarily":[29],"on":[30,227],"recommendation":[31,239],"feeds,":[32],"we":[33,98],"examine":[34],"TikTok's":[35],"system,":[37],"where":[38],"users":[39],"explicitly":[40],"express":[41],"their":[42],"information":[43],"needs":[44],"through":[45],"query":[46,101,217],"formulation.":[47],"We":[48],"conduct":[49],"a":[50,93,220],"controlled":[51],"sock-puppet":[52],"audit":[53],"Search":[56],"using":[57,92],"30":[58],"fresh":[59],"accounts":[60],"assigned":[61],"six":[63],"experimental":[64],"conditions":[65],"spanning":[66],"three":[67],"information-seeking":[68],"framings":[69],"(Medical":[70],"Information,":[71],"Alternative":[72,109,167],"Medicine,":[73],"and":[74,77,83,124,133,229],"Peer":[75],"Narrative)":[76],"two":[78],"breast-cancer":[79],"contexts":[80],"(Symptom":[81],"Noticing":[82,122],"Active":[84,128],"Treatment).":[85],"Across":[86],"9,020":[87],"usable":[88],"search-result":[89],"exposures,":[90],"annotated":[91],"validated":[94],"vision-language":[95],"model":[96],"pipeline,":[97],"find":[99],"that":[100,156,185,215],"framing":[102,218],"strongly":[104],"associated":[105],"with":[106],"misinformation":[107,113,153,171,197,225],"exposure.":[108,164],"Medicine":[110,168],"returned":[112,148],"in":[114,223],"54.1\\%":[115],"cancer-relevant":[117],"results":[118,177],"within":[119,126],"the":[120,127,174,182,191,231],"Symptom":[121],"context":[123],"53.5\\%":[125],"Treatment":[129],"context,":[130],"8.6":[131],"times":[132,135],"7.6":[134],"higher,":[136],"respectively,":[137],"than":[138,179],"clinically":[139],"framed":[140],"Medical":[141,145],"Information":[142,146],"queries.":[143],"Even":[144],"measurable":[149],"levels":[150],"possible":[152,170],"(6.3\\%--7.1\\%),":[154],"suggesting":[155],"explicit":[157],"medical":[158],"intent":[159],"alone":[160],"does":[161],"not":[162,188],"eliminate":[163],"Moreover,":[165],"for":[166],"queries,":[169],"appeared":[172],"throughout":[173],"ranked":[175],"rather":[178],"only":[180],"near":[181],"top,":[183],"showing":[184],"confined":[189],"highest-ranked":[192],"results.":[193],"Videos":[194],"labeled":[195],"as":[196],"were":[198],"also":[199],"substantially":[200],"more":[201],"likely":[202],"contain":[204],"comments":[205],"promoting":[206],"unsupported":[207],"treatments":[208],"or":[209],"anti-standard-care":[210],"views.":[211],"These":[212],"findings":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"plays":[219],"central":[221],"role":[222],"shaping":[224],"highlight":[230],"importance":[232],"auditing":[234],"query-driven":[235],"systems":[237],"alongside":[238],"algorithms.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}