{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168564453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","title":"JointCoder: Exploring Automated ICD Coding on Real-World Chinese EHRs with a Multi-Agent Framework","display_name":"JointCoder: Exploring Automated ICD Coding on Real-World Chinese EHRs with a Multi-Agent Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168564453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48448/6xn0-x387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"},"volume":null,"type":"other","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140982166","display_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics 2026","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics 2026","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141004465","display_name":"Guoqiang Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Guoqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141021804","display_name":"Hongjiao Guan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan, Hongjiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052217770","display_name":"Z Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4071-6435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4071-6435"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhenyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124275524","display_name":"Ying Lian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian, Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152559905","display_name":"Kangjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5575-923X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5575-923X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Kangjun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140756492","display_name":"Wenpeng Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Wenpeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140972729","display_name":"Jianlei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jianlei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139796627","display_name":"Tao Xin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin, Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.39750000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-framework","display_name":"multi-agent framework","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-preserving-deployment","display_name":"privacy-preserving deployment","score":0.8330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7573999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781116378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45127","display_name":"ICD-10","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154874363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518464","display_name":"Medical classification","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48448/6xn0-x387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48448/6xn0-x387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/6xn0-x387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126029798","https://openalex.org/W4417422157","https://openalex.org/W7220727185","https://openalex.org/W6979372339","https://openalex.org/W7166839135","https://openalex.org/W4416018031","https://openalex.org/W7168652536","https://openalex.org/W4408454686","https://openalex.org/W7126068161","https://openalex.org/W7160381818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"ICD":[1,24,40,57,117,127,165],"coding":[2,25,68,118,128,133,140,166],"is":[3,181,188],"a":[4,114,121,130],"critical":[5],"task":[6],"for":[7],"standardizing":[8],"clinical":[9,47,78,102,139],"information":[10],"from":[11],"electronic":[12],"health":[13],"records":[14],"(EHRs)":[15],"and":[16,99,120,157],"supporting":[17],"downstream":[18],"healthcare":[19],"administration.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22,35],"automated":[23,126],"systems":[26],"face":[27],"several":[28],"fundamental":[29],"challenges.":[30],"First,":[31],"the":[32,51,72],"majority":[33],"of":[34,53],"research":[36],"focuses":[37],"on":[38,86,162],"English":[39],"tasks,":[41],"with":[42],"limited":[43],"attention":[44],"to":[45,50],"Chinese-language":[46],"contexts":[48],"due":[49],"scarcity":[52],"publicly":[54],"available":[55,182,189],"Chinese":[56,116,164],"datasets.":[58],"Second,":[59],"most":[60],"approaches":[61],"primarily":[62],"target":[63],"disease":[64],"coding,":[65],"overlooking":[66],"procedure":[67],"as":[69,71,129],"well":[70],"multi-stage":[73],"workflows":[74,141],"followed":[75],"in":[76,101],"real-world":[77,115,138,163],"practice.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"many":[81],"recent":[82],"methods":[83],"rely":[84],"heavily":[85],"closed-source":[87],"large":[88],"language":[89],"models":[90,137],"or":[91],"substantial":[92],"computational":[93],"resources,":[94],"which":[95,112],"limits":[96],"their":[97],"scalability":[98],"deployability":[100],"environments.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"these":[106],"gaps,":[107],"this":[108],"paper":[109],"proposes":[110],"\\textit{JointCoder},":[111],"includes":[113],"dataset":[119],"multi-agent":[122],"framework":[123],"that":[124],"reformulates":[125],"joint":[131],"disease-procedure":[132],"task.":[134],"JointCoder":[135],"explicitly":[136],"through":[142],"stage-wise":[143],"agent":[144],"collaboration.":[145],"All":[146],"agents":[147],"are":[148],"instantiated":[149],"using":[150],"locally":[151],"deployed":[152],"1.7B-parameter":[153],"models,":[154],"enabling":[155],"scalable":[156],"privacy-preserving":[158],"deployment.":[159],"Extensive":[160],"experiments":[161],"datasets":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"JointCoder\u2019s":[169],"superiority":[170],"over":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"baselines":[173],"across":[174],"all":[175],"evaluation":[176],"metrics.":[177],"Our":[178,185],"Github":[179],"repository":[180],"at":[183,190,198],"https://github.com/KJOrigin/JointCoder.":[184],"demo":[186,193],"website":[187],"http://159.89.222.214:9028/.":[191],"The":[192],"video":[194],"can":[195],"be":[196],"accessed":[197],"https://yunpan.qlu.edu.cn:443/link/CE86D849DD24EA9EE3D68AF2FD90D539.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}
