{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168019486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","title":"Comparative evaluation of the effects of Silymarin on the metastatic characteristics of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture methods","display_name":"Comparative evaluation of the effects of Silymarin on the metastatic characteristics of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture methods","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168019486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42436445","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13640394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199159","display_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","issn_l":"2662-7671","issn":["2662-7671"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065010864","display_name":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e Alada\u011f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-6113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-6113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154071","display_name":"Afyonkarahisar Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00sfg6g55","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e Alada\u011f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. tugcealadagg@hotmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-6113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. tugcealadagg@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045314549","display_name":"Fatma F\u0131rat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-5138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-5138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154071","display_name":"Afyonkarahisar Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00sfg6g55","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Firat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003408766","display_name":"H\u00fclya \u00c7etin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-0631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-0631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48843708","display_name":"Pamukkale University","ror":"https://ror.org/01etz1309","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48843708"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00fclya \u00c7etin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Denizli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-0631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Denizli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48843708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024563679","display_name":"Evrim Suna Ar\u0131kan S\u00f6ylemez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-793X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-793X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154071","display_name":"Afyonkarahisar Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00sfg6g55","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evrim Suna Arikan S\u00f6ylemez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Afyonkarahisar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-793X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afyonkarahisar Health Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Afyonkarahisar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065010864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154071"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2195},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10336","display_name":"Cancer Cells and Metastasis","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13437","display_name":"Mechanisms of cancer metastasis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silymarin","display_name":"silymarin","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-metastasis","display_name":"breast cancer metastasis","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mcf-7-cells","display_name":"MCF-7 cells","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mda-mb-231-cells","display_name":"MDA-MB-231 cells","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition","display_name":"epithelial-mesenchymal transition","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-migration","display_name":"cell migration","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-proliferation","display_name":"cell proliferation","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-spheroid-culture","display_name":"3D spheroid culture","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-sensitivity","display_name":"drug sensitivity","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmp-9","display_name":"MMP-9","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimetastatic-agents","display_name":"anti-metastatic agents","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.6442000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859063","display_name":"Metastatic breast cancer","level":4,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.445499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189092","display_name":"Cell migration","level":3,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48023723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198","display_name":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781230642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492646","display_name":"Targeted therapy","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118646709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1657620","display_name":"CA15-3","level":4,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000087603","descriptor_name":"Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092302","descriptor_name":"MDA-MB-231 Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002465","descriptor_name":"Cell Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009362","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012838","descriptor_name":"Silymarin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018929","descriptor_name":"Cell Culture Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049109","descriptor_name":"Cell Proliferation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058750","descriptor_name":"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061986","descriptor_name":"MCF-7 Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199159","display_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","issn_l":"2662-7671","issn":["2662-7671"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13640394","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13640394/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13640394/pdf/12906_2026_Article_5456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Complement Med Ther","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42436445","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42436445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC complementary medicine and therapies","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:878a6f5177994430909ed29c037f5b26","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/878a6f5177994430909ed29c037f5b26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05456-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199159","display_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","issn_l":"2662-7671","issn":["2662-7671"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7931232792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022SABE008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322458","funder_display_name":"Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322458","display_name":"Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01etz1309"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168019486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7168019486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534228102","https://openalex.org/W1603093856","https://openalex.org/W1969867759","https://openalex.org/W1971012944","https://openalex.org/W1971536233","https://openalex.org/W1977608305","https://openalex.org/W1979990833","https://openalex.org/W1987863376","https://openalex.org/W1992226809","https://openalex.org/W2003430407","https://openalex.org/W2025690227","https://openalex.org/W2026260372","https://openalex.org/W2028551949","https://openalex.org/W2035691671","https://openalex.org/W2039250786","https://openalex.org/W2053156728","https://openalex.org/W2059726407","https://openalex.org/W2076480857","https://openalex.org/W2101979288","https://openalex.org/W2139241071","https://openalex.org/W2141656944","https://openalex.org/W2154589460","https://openalex.org/W2170602872","https://openalex.org/W2191883975","https://openalex.org/W2204320515","https://openalex.org/W2302222597","https://openalex.org/W2331628193","https://openalex.org/W2346339949","https://openalex.org/W2416425138","https://openalex.org/W2588271989","https://openalex.org/W2606001457","https://openalex.org/W2607045926","https://openalex.org/W2615051530","https://openalex.org/W2626725994","https://openalex.org/W2734333665","https://openalex.org/W2746697572","https://openalex.org/W2791017844","https://openalex.org/W2799898775","https://openalex.org/W2903180523","https://openalex.org/W2937345593","https://openalex.org/W2940439131","https://openalex.org/W2967189612","https://openalex.org/W2968462139","https://openalex.org/W2980479946","https://openalex.org/W2983401826","https://openalex.org/W2995532177","https://openalex.org/W2995740978","https://openalex.org/W3033869790","https://openalex.org/W3034520649","https://openalex.org/W3047206949","https://openalex.org/W3048942453","https://openalex.org/W3049750283","https://openalex.org/W3094811842","https://openalex.org/W3096845603","https://openalex.org/W3159970466","https://openalex.org/W3173233941","https://openalex.org/W3211916953","https://openalex.org/W4205985180","https://openalex.org/W4212782290","https://openalex.org/W4213430410","https://openalex.org/W4225775410","https://openalex.org/W4313443024","https://openalex.org/W4388849096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392494661","https://openalex.org/W2035820370","https://openalex.org/W4402945211","https://openalex.org/W4385952600","https://openalex.org/W2378893880","https://openalex.org/W7217785167","https://openalex.org/W2188093440","https://openalex.org/W4399883419","https://openalex.org/W3034520649","https://openalex.org/W2528177522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Breast":[1],"cancer":[2,44,66,241],"is":[3,24],"one":[4],"of":[5,41,57,63,98,111,248,257],"the":[6,38,55,60,96,182,246,255,277],"most":[7],"common":[8],"cancers":[9],"among":[10],"women":[11],"worldwide,":[12],"and":[13,70,72,78,89,104,123,140,153,161,175,227],"metastasis":[14],"plays":[15],"an":[16],"important":[17],"role":[18],"in":[19,121,177,198,221,225,276,287],"its":[20,35,232,283],"lethality.":[21],"Silymarin":[22],"(SLY)":[23],"a":[25,235,272],"natural":[26],"compound":[27],"that":[28,215],"has":[29],"exhibited":[30,204],"potential":[31,220,284],"anticancer":[32,258],"effects.":[33],"However,":[34],"effects":[36,56,97,187],"on":[37,59,100,188,263],"metastatic":[39,61],"properties":[40,62],"different":[42],"breast":[43,65,240],"cell":[45,67,81,91,101,118,179],"lines":[46,68],"remain":[47],"unknown.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"this":[50],"study":[51,86,244],"aimed":[52],"to":[53,94,136,143,196,208,230,268],"investigate":[54],"SLY":[58,99,112,170,197,216],"two":[64],"(MCF-7":[69],"MDA-MB-231)":[71],"evaluate":[73,95,137,144,231],"differences":[74],"between":[75],"two-dimensional":[76],"(2D)":[77],"three-dimensional":[79],"(3D)":[80],"culture":[82,92,250],"models.":[83,210],"METHODS:":[84],"This":[85,243],"used":[87],"2D":[88,122,127,209],"3D":[90,124,148,183,199,249,278],"systems":[93],"proliferation,":[102,173],"migration,":[103,174],"epithelial-mesenchymal":[105],"transition":[106],"(EMT).":[107],"The":[108],"effective":[109],"dose":[110],"was":[113,266],"determined":[114],"using":[115],"3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium":[116],"bromide":[117],"viability":[119],"assays":[120],"cultures.":[125],"In":[126,147],"cultures,":[128,149],"wound":[129],"healing":[130],"assays,":[131,156],"polymerase":[132],"chain":[133],"reaction":[134],"(PCR)":[135],"mRNA":[138,159],"levels":[139],"immunohistochemical":[141,162],"analyses":[142,163],"protein":[145,165],"expression.":[146],"spheroids":[150],"were":[151,167],"formed,":[152],"Transwell":[154],"migration":[155],"PCR":[157],"for":[158,164,239,252],"levels,":[160],"expression":[166,265],"conducted.":[168],"RESULTS:":[169],"effectively":[171],"modulated":[172],"EMT":[176],"both":[178],"lines.":[180],"Notably,":[181,260],"microenvironment":[184],"exerted":[185],"differential":[186],"drug":[189],"sensitivity:":[190],"MCF-7":[191],"cells":[192,203],"showed":[193],"increased":[194,205],"sensitivity":[195],"culture,":[200],"whereas":[201],"MDA-MB-231":[202],"resistance":[206],"compared":[207],"CONCLUSIONS:":[211],"These":[212],"findings":[213],"suggest":[214],"exhibits":[217],"promising":[218],"antimetastatic":[219,285],"vitro,":[222],"warranting":[223],"further":[224],"vivo":[226],"clinical":[228],"investigations":[229],"efficacy":[233,256,286],"as":[234],"supportive":[236],"therapeutic":[237],"candidate":[238],"treatment.":[242],"emphasizes":[245],"importance":[247],"models":[251],"accurately":[253],"evaluating":[254],"drugs.":[259],"SLY's":[261],"effect":[262],"MMP-9":[264],"found":[267],"be":[269],"environment-dependent,":[270],"showing":[271],"significant":[273],"reduction":[274],"specifically":[275],"spheroid":[279],"model,":[280],"which":[281],"highlights":[282],"more":[288],"biomimetic":[289],"settings.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-12T00:00:00"}