{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167916624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","title":"Maintenance strategy, structural design, and site layout of the ST-E1 fusion power plant","display_name":"Maintenance strategy, structural design, and site layout of the ST-E1 fusion power plant","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167916624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140438123","display_name":"J. Willis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Willis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022724895","display_name":"K. Chandrasekhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8957-3060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8957-3060"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Chandrasekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8957-3060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140390339","display_name":"P. Cheema","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094962","display_name":"Culham Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00mdktv23","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094962"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Cheema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE), Culham Science Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE), Culham Science Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140400530","display_name":"J. England","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094962","display_name":"Culham Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00mdktv23","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094962"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. England","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE), Culham Science Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE), Culham Science Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140437751","display_name":"V. Godhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0308-6298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0308-6298"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. Godhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0308-6298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140424129","display_name":"E. Guise","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Guise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031884409","display_name":"Samara M. Levine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-104X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-104X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.M. Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-104X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140382046","display_name":"R. Pocock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Pocock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039750437","display_name":"A. Scott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007052846","display_name":"Andrew Shone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-1124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-1124"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Shone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Inc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-1124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106608668","display_name":"R. Thwaites","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Thwaites","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078475830","display_name":"P. Titus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-4866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-4866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Titus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-4866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799567181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043307438","display_name":"C. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8860-3867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8860-3867","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-7846"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8860-3867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton Park","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140432763","display_name":"the ST-E1 Team","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"the ST-E1 Team","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007052846","https://openalex.org/A5022724895","https://openalex.org/A5031884409","https://openalex.org/A5039750437","https://openalex.org/A5043307438","https://openalex.org/A5078475830","https://openalex.org/A5106608668","https://openalex.org/A5140382046","https://openalex.org/A5140390339","https://openalex.org/A5140400530","https://openalex.org/A5140424129","https://openalex.org/A5140432763","https://openalex.org/A5140437751","https://openalex.org/A5140438123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I4210094962"],"apc_list":{"value":2595,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2595},"apc_paid":{"value":2595,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2595},"fwci":6.7872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96940775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"8","first_page":"086006","last_page":"086006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.6797000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.6797000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.24619999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.04170000180602074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-layout","display_name":"site layout","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-fusion-power","display_name":"commercial fusion power","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-availability","display_name":"plant availability","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.8522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24671956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641442","display_name":"Fusion power","level":3,"score":0.6837999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4311470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159719","display_name":"Power station","level":2,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134447","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15001198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241394","display_name":"Toroid","level":3,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5979214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126932","display_name":"Cost of electricity by source","level":4,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988600977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203914","display_name":"Toroidal field","level":4,"score":0.2662000060081482}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bef985b14ef40e2afe73b1dead3cc0a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bef985b14ef40e2afe73b1dead3cc0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion, Vol 66, Iss 8, p 086006 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae7c15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133992056","display_name":"Nuclear Fusion","issn_l":"0029-5515","issn":["0029-5515","1741-4326"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Fusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W890369587","https://openalex.org/W2035059314","https://openalex.org/W2060588424","https://openalex.org/W2065664257","https://openalex.org/W2070910229","https://openalex.org/W2078203621","https://openalex.org/W2079181459","https://openalex.org/W2080942773","https://openalex.org/W2083937887","https://openalex.org/W2089364824","https://openalex.org/W2093642069","https://openalex.org/W2096103399","https://openalex.org/W2098917946","https://openalex.org/W2155185941","https://openalex.org/W2204136783","https://openalex.org/W2213395871","https://openalex.org/W2325253833","https://openalex.org/W2596901918","https://openalex.org/W2735322322","https://openalex.org/W2791091905","https://openalex.org/W2808552500","https://openalex.org/W3005660515","https://openalex.org/W3010299315","https://openalex.org/W3198876043","https://openalex.org/W4223656307","https://openalex.org/W4362589400","https://openalex.org/W4366001235","https://openalex.org/W4391144057","https://openalex.org/W4392207970","https://openalex.org/W4393853254","https://openalex.org/W4400937329","https://openalex.org/W4401882960","https://openalex.org/W4401890941","https://openalex.org/W4401893919","https://openalex.org/W4403050461","https://openalex.org/W7083313693","https://openalex.org/W7167887214","https://openalex.org/W7167896421","https://openalex.org/W7167897204","https://openalex.org/W7167897254","https://openalex.org/W7167905907","https://openalex.org/W7167913353","https://openalex.org/W7167935992","https://openalex.org/W7167939333","https://openalex.org/W7167944487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167911581","https://openalex.org/W2058074110","https://openalex.org/W3088487610","https://openalex.org/W2473468017","https://openalex.org/W2152846552","https://openalex.org/W25778334","https://openalex.org/W7167935992","https://openalex.org/W1991232199","https://openalex.org/W7009324171","https://openalex.org/W120580077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"An":[1],"effective":[2],"fusion":[3,33,75],"reactor":[4,137],"maintenance":[5,38,97],"scheme":[6,142],"enables":[7,103],"safe":[8],"operations":[9],"and":[10,57,85,95,99,130,132,140,164],"short":[11],"downtimes.":[12],"This":[13,79],"in":[14,124],"turn":[15],"leads":[16],"to":[17,23,60,108],"high":[18],"availability,":[19],"which":[20],"is":[21,160],"critical":[22],"the":[24,36,45,49,54,64,82,92,104,115,118,126,170,174],"commercial":[25,110],"viability":[26],"of":[27,48,73,120,173],"a":[28,41,70,74,149,154,161],"power-producing":[29],"plant.":[30],"In":[31],"tokamak-based":[32],"power":[34,76],"plants,":[35],"chosen":[37,96],"approach":[39,107],"has":[40,68],"significant":[42],"impact":[43],"on":[44],"spatial":[46],"design":[47,72,119],"tokamak,":[50],"as":[51,53],"well":[52],"surrounding":[55],"infrastructure,":[56],"therefore":[58],"needs":[59],"be":[61],"considered":[62],"from":[63],"outset.":[65],"Tokamak":[66],"Energy":[67],"developed":[69],"pre-concept":[71],"plant,":[77],"ST-E1.":[78],"work":[80],"describes":[81],"major":[83],"drivers":[84],"constraints":[86],"that":[87,167],"have":[88],"been":[89],"considered,":[90],"presents":[91],"tokamak":[93],"architecture":[94],"regime,":[98],"discusses":[100],"how":[101],"this":[102],"plant\u2019s":[105],"two-phased":[106],"demonstrating":[109],"operations.":[111],"It":[112],"also":[113],"shows":[114],"implications":[116],"for":[117],"other":[121],"systems":[122],"areas,":[123],"particular":[125],"machine":[127,163],"structural":[128],"arrangement":[129],"bioshield":[131],"hot":[133],"cell":[134],"layout.":[135],"The":[136,158],"core":[138],"segmentation":[139],"removal":[141],"replaces":[143],"entire":[144],"toroidal":[145],"segments":[146],"radially":[147],"through":[148],"large":[150],"vacuum":[151],"port,":[152],"along":[153],"single":[155],"axis":[156],"only.":[157],"result":[159],"change-tolerant":[162],"plant":[165],"layout":[166],"can":[168],"accommodate":[169],"evolving":[171],"designs":[172],"tokamak.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-07-11T00:00:00"}