{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167712554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","title":"Addressing ethical challenges in the reporting of race and ethnicity population descriptors in human neuroscience research","display_name":"Addressing ethical challenges in the reporting of race and ethnicity population descriptors in human neuroscience research","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167712554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42488201","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13388039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278986","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","issn_l":"2813-1193","issn":["2813-1193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036524224","display_name":"Lauren Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-9407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-9407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118114983","display_name":"Julianna Gerold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5460-6591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5460-6591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julianna Gerold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009131541","display_name":"Eric Little","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140277277","display_name":"Craig McFarland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig McFarland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115964169","display_name":"Beri Tawe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beri Tawe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125320027","display_name":"Rishab Kumar Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishab Kumar Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026271502","display_name":"Francis X. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-1686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-1686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis X. Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurotech Justice Accelerator at MGB, a Dana Foundation Center for Neuroscience & Society, Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics, MGH Center for Law, Brain & Behavior, University of Minnesota Law School & Graduate Program in Neuroscience"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurotech Justice Accelerator at MGB, a Dana Foundation Center for Neuroscience & Society, Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics, MGH Center for Law, Brain & Behavior, University of Minnesota Law School & Graduate Program in Neuroscience","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036524224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":3.9565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93675277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1744569","last_page":"1744569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-guidelines","display_name":"reporting guidelines","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/journal-guidelines","display_name":"journal guidelines","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-effects","display_name":"subgroup effects","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-in-research","display_name":"diversity in research","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7627999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.708899974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188255311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256388","display_name":"Psychological research","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170320452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3111072","display_name":"Social neuroscience","level":4,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331083","display_name":"Human research","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278986","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","issn_l":"2813-1193","issn":["2813-1193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42488201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42488201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neuroimaging","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13388039","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13388039/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Neuroimaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroimaging/articles/10.3389/fnimg.2026.1744569/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278986","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","issn_l":"2813-1193","issn":["2813-1193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroimaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167712554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167712554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979492399","https://openalex.org/W2062273356","https://openalex.org/W2067728223","https://openalex.org/W2111483088","https://openalex.org/W2122889339","https://openalex.org/W2283103807","https://openalex.org/W2895320606","https://openalex.org/W3134271116","https://openalex.org/W3176511645","https://openalex.org/W3194911646","https://openalex.org/W4220838968","https://openalex.org/W4220879221","https://openalex.org/W4230955257","https://openalex.org/W4250184274","https://openalex.org/W4280652567","https://openalex.org/W4288045432","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4296161460","https://openalex.org/W4312129526","https://openalex.org/W4366176795","https://openalex.org/W4389942858","https://openalex.org/W4393071844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406655712","https://openalex.org/W4393071844","https://openalex.org/W4382404146","https://openalex.org/W23343253","https://openalex.org/W3196122178","https://openalex.org/W2810434732","https://openalex.org/W2153763657","https://openalex.org/W4379985452","https://openalex.org/W2889832720","https://openalex.org/W4320857347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increased":[0],"racial":[1],"and":[2,19,27,51,60,87,90],"ethnic":[3],"diversity":[4],"in":[5,24],"population":[6,29,55,92],"neuroscience":[7,72],"research":[8,35],"is":[9],"widely":[10],"understood":[11],"to":[12,37,74,85],"facilitate":[13],"better":[14,38],"identification":[15],"of":[16,54,63],"subgroup":[17],"effects":[18],"more":[20,42,79],"generalizable":[21],"findings.":[22],"Consistency":[23],"reporting":[25,53,86],"race":[26,89],"ethnicity":[28,91],"descriptor":[30],"variables":[31],"would":[32],"allow":[33],"the":[34],"community":[36],"assess":[39],"progress":[40],"toward":[41],"representative":[43],"datasets.":[44],"One":[45],"important":[46],"lever":[47],"for":[48,71],"ensuring":[49],"robust":[50],"consistent":[52],"descriptors":[56],"are":[57,69],"journal":[58],"guidelines,":[59],"this":[61],"review":[62],"current":[64],"guidelines":[65],"finds":[66],"that":[67],"there":[68],"opportunities":[70],"journals":[73],"strengthen":[75],"scientific":[76],"rigor":[77],"by":[78],"clearly":[80],"delineating":[81],"expectations":[82],"with":[83],"respect":[84],"operationalizing":[88],"descriptors.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-07-09T00:00:00"}
