{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167582406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","title":"Ecotoxicological impacts of benzo[a]pyrene on Ctenopharyngodon idella larvae: hemato-immunological disruption, genotoxicity, and histopathological alterations","display_name":"Ecotoxicological impacts of benzo[a]pyrene on Ctenopharyngodon idella larvae: hemato-immunological disruption, genotoxicity, and histopathological alterations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167582406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42483170","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13384838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128692153","display_name":"Mohamed Hamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077767505","display_name":"Naglaa AbdelAll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-3041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-3041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naglaa AbdelAll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047970990","display_name":"Shaimaa K. A. Idriss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaimaa K. A. Idriss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020385011","display_name":"Jiezhang Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-9028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-9028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiezhang Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140201554","display_name":"Ghada A. Khouqeer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada A. Khouqeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070857812","display_name":"Christopher Joseph Martyniuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-4796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-4796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Martyniuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128692153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":34.5489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9992267,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1872548","last_page":"1872548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzo-a-pyrene","display_name":"benzo[a]pyrene","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grass-carp","display_name":"grass carp","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotoxicity","display_name":"immunotoxicity","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-changes","display_name":"hematological changes","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythrocyte-apoptosis","display_name":"erythrocyte apoptosis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotoxicity","display_name":"genotoxicity","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronuclei","display_name":"micronuclei","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-strand-breaks","display_name":"DNA strand breaks","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"histopathology","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanomacrophage-centers","display_name":"melanomacrophage centers","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spleen","display_name":"spleen","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver","display_name":"liver","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-larvae","display_name":"fish larvae","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaculture","display_name":"aquaculture","score":0.8809999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781257293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76098","display_name":"Grass carp","level":3,"score":0.8389000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45080847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658004","display_name":"Micronucleus test","level":3,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777478355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422203","display_name":"Hemosiderin","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143425029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205747","display_name":"DNA damage","level":3,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35047","display_name":"Cyprinidae","level":3,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778959862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1009245","display_name":"Genotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161153951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132390","display_name":"Gill","level":3,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776878037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169444","display_name":"Zebrafish","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36681516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1700733","display_name":"Micronucleus","level":4,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115448650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409205","display_name":"Xenobiotic","level":3,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781264782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901656","display_name":"Immunostimulant","level":3,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778891732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751223","display_name":"Carp","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776963538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81110","display_name":"Common carp","level":4,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115346097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412144","display_name":"Ecotoxicology","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001564","descriptor_name":"Benzo(a)pyrene","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002347","descriptor_name":"Carps","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004249","descriptor_name":"DNA Damage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013154","descriptor_name":"Spleen","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013154","descriptor_name":"Spleen","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054750","descriptor_name":"Ecotoxicology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13384838","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13384838/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13384838/pdf/fimmu-17-1872548.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42483170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42483170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1872548/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8180521435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IMSIU\u2010DDRSP2603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325415","funder_display_name":"Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325415","display_name":"Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167582406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167582406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75020817","https://openalex.org/W183545005","https://openalex.org/W607860552","https://openalex.org/W947881786","https://openalex.org/W986594652","https://openalex.org/W1580831486","https://openalex.org/W1592814275","https://openalex.org/W1596611962","https://openalex.org/W1882418526","https://openalex.org/W1968247742","https://openalex.org/W1971146568","https://openalex.org/W1973804503","https://openalex.org/W1975762710","https://openalex.org/W1976417809","https://openalex.org/W1976988175","https://openalex.org/W1977560788","https://openalex.org/W1980183401","https://openalex.org/W1993367443","https://openalex.org/W2002706411","https://openalex.org/W2004285127","https://openalex.org/W2006970481","https://openalex.org/W2007188543","https://openalex.org/W2010183008","https://openalex.org/W2015296792","https://openalex.org/W2018183596","https://openalex.org/W2018905235","https://openalex.org/W2019979712","https://openalex.org/W2026862537","https://openalex.org/W2027715560","https://openalex.org/W2029568119","https://openalex.org/W2033271338","https://openalex.org/W2042083701","https://openalex.org/W2044187810","https://openalex.org/W2046610561","https://openalex.org/W2048694704","https://openalex.org/W2050336818","https://openalex.org/W2072775209","https://openalex.org/W2077729621","https://openalex.org/W2078165586","https://openalex.org/W2081626128","https://openalex.org/W2084926415","https://openalex.org/W2087228904","https://openalex.org/W2091366683","https://openalex.org/W2118272058","https://openalex.org/W2140785135","https://openalex.org/W2145217162","https://openalex.org/W2165876844","https://openalex.org/W2261113101","https://openalex.org/W2516110176","https://openalex.org/W2531804556","https://openalex.org/W2563591891","https://openalex.org/W2563769081","https://openalex.org/W2597484330","https://openalex.org/W2617486652","https://openalex.org/W2621354735","https://openalex.org/W2732389142","https://openalex.org/W2735145528","https://openalex.org/W2775755626","https://openalex.org/W2883478372","https://openalex.org/W2919927734","https://openalex.org/W2969773871","https://openalex.org/W3000030325","https://openalex.org/W3011177676","https://openalex.org/W3012882761","https://openalex.org/W3014368357","https://openalex.org/W3049014664","https://openalex.org/W3072984397","https://openalex.org/W3118593096","https://openalex.org/W3128189719","https://openalex.org/W3132603121","https://openalex.org/W3135940345","https://openalex.org/W3165427881","https://openalex.org/W3176982692","https://openalex.org/W3180261483","https://openalex.org/W3200696174","https://openalex.org/W3201844056","https://openalex.org/W3203839303","https://openalex.org/W3214952229","https://openalex.org/W3216558744","https://openalex.org/W4200020985","https://openalex.org/W4214495686","https://openalex.org/W4214910023","https://openalex.org/W4223562890","https://openalex.org/W4281287808","https://openalex.org/W4292551383","https://openalex.org/W4294363333","https://openalex.org/W4313656973","https://openalex.org/W4323362777","https://openalex.org/W4362578375","https://openalex.org/W4380875186","https://openalex.org/W4381295464","https://openalex.org/W4384819890","https://openalex.org/W4385666004","https://openalex.org/W4385812076","https://openalex.org/W4386317193","https://openalex.org/W4387394487","https://openalex.org/W4388633214","https://openalex.org/W4389010036","https://openalex.org/W4389862640","https://openalex.org/W4392766010","https://openalex.org/W4393001082","https://openalex.org/W4396583624","https://openalex.org/W4400143303","https://openalex.org/W4401929155","https://openalex.org/W4404185763","https://openalex.org/W4407269894","https://openalex.org/W4415724395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204802281","https://openalex.org/W2010183008","https://openalex.org/W1949215044","https://openalex.org/W1993367443","https://openalex.org/W2040327483","https://openalex.org/W7047562500","https://openalex.org/W2081626128","https://openalex.org/W2047951091","https://openalex.org/W2320032832","https://openalex.org/W2047728484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Environmental":[1],"pollutants":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6,153],"critical":[7],"modulators":[8],"of":[9,32,40,60,190],"fish":[10,171,182],"immune-associated":[11,143,160],"alterations,":[12,64],"with":[13,81,139],"significant":[14],"implications":[15],"for":[16,53],"aquaculture":[17,200],"sustainability.":[18],"Benzo[a]pyrene":[19],"(B[a]P),":[20],"a":[21,27,154],"persistent":[22],"polycyclic":[23],"aromatic":[24],"hydrocarbon,":[25],"represents":[26],"major":[28],"aquatic":[29],"contaminant":[30],"capable":[31],"inducing":[33],"immunotoxic":[34,83,184],"effects":[35,84,185],"in":[36,70,85,123,170],"early":[37],"life":[38],"stages":[39],"fish.":[41],"Methods:":[42],")":[43],"were":[44],"exposed":[45],"to":[46,56,194],"1,":[47],"10,":[48],"and":[49,67,77,111,126,133,165,186,198],"100":[50],"\u00b5mol/L":[51],"B[a]P":[52,61,74,151],"14":[54],"days":[55],"investigate":[57],"the":[58,124,188],"impact":[59],"on":[62],"hemato-immunological":[63],"cytotoxicity,":[65],"genotoxicity,":[66],"histopathological":[68],"responses":[69],"immune-related":[71],"organs.":[72],"Results:":[73],"induced":[75],"hematological":[76],"cellular":[78,116],"alterations":[79,122],"associated":[80],"possible":[82,183],"grass":[86],"carp":[87],"larvae.":[88,172],"Hematological":[89],"disruption":[90],"was":[91,102],"accompanied":[92],"by":[93],"increased":[94],"erythrocyte":[95],"apoptosis,":[96],"reflecting":[97],"cytotoxic":[98],"stress.":[99],"Genotoxic":[100],"damage":[101],"evident":[103],"through":[104],"elevated":[105],"DNA":[106],"strand":[107],"breaks,":[108],"micronuclei":[109],"formation,":[110],"nuclear":[112],"abnormalities,":[113],"suggesting":[114],"compromised":[115],"integrity.":[117],"Histopathological":[118],"analysis":[119],"revealed":[120],"severe":[121],"liver":[125],"spleen,":[127],"including":[128],"lymphoid":[129],"depletion,":[130],"vascular":[131],"congestion,":[132],"pronounced":[134],"melanomacrophage":[135],"center":[136],"(MMC)":[137],"activation":[138],"hemosiderin":[140],"accumulation,":[141],"highlighting":[142],"alterations.":[144],"Conclusion:":[145],"Collectively,":[146],"these":[147],"findings":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"that":[150,158],"acts":[152],"potent":[155],"environmental":[156,179],"immunotoxicant":[157],"disrupts":[159],"biomarkers,":[161],"induces":[162],"cytogenotoxic":[163],"damage,":[164],"impairs":[166],"key":[167],"immune":[168],"organs":[169],"This":[173],"study":[174],"provides":[175],"insights":[176],"into":[177],"how":[178],"contaminants":[180],"modulate":[181],"underscores":[187],"importance":[189],"pollution":[191],"management":[192],"strategies":[193],"support":[195],"disease":[196],"resistance":[197],"sustainable":[199],"practices.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}