{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167581335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","title":"Air-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Powered by Tequila: Experimental Evaluation and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Series-Parallel Configurations Effect","display_name":"Air-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Powered by Tequila: Experimental Evaluation and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Series-Parallel Configurations Effect","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167581335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14132219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000699422","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Dector","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657936","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkjk636","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657936"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Dector","raw_affiliation_strings":["SECIHTI\u2014Department Renewable Energy, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo, San Juan del R\u00edo 76800, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SECIHTI\u2014Department Renewable Energy, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo, San Juan del R\u00edo 76800, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042203246","display_name":"Irma Luc\u00eda Vera-Estrada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-2093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-2093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657936","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkjk636","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657936"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irma Luc\u00eda Vera Estrada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Renewable Energy, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo, San Juan del R\u00edo 76800, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-2093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Renewable Energy, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de San Juan del R\u00edo, San Juan del R\u00edo 76800, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050368349","display_name":"Juan Manuel Olivares-Ram\u00edrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-6936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-6936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726993","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Quer\u00e9taro","ror":"https://ror.org/01y92wg94","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726993"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Manuel Olivares-Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76148, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-6936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76148, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020506820","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Eli Eduardo Gonzalez-Dur\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-9716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-9716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156031","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/0580rm578","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156031"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Eli Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez-Duran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76240, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-9716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76240, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043412645","display_name":"Jocelyne Estrella-Nu\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-6615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-6615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157492648","display_name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8fdc16","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyne Estrella-Nu\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034503877","display_name":"Juvenal Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Res\u00e9ndiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-5600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-5600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157492648","display_name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8fdc16","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juvenal Rodr\u00edguez Res\u00e9ndiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-5600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034503877","https://openalex.org/A5050368349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648","https://openalex.org/I4401726993"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"13","first_page":"2219","last_page":"2219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11231","display_name":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidic-fuel-cell","display_name":"microfluidic fuel cell","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-breathing-fuel-cell","display_name":"air-breathing fuel cell","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tequila","display_name":"tequila","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethanol","display_name":"bioethanol","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-distribution","display_name":"fuel distribution","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-flow","display_name":"capillary flow","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-transfer-limitations","display_name":"mass transfer limitations","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"power density","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portable-power-generation","display_name":"portable power generation","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.9143999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.6725000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5375000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.48989999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90278072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57631264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812203","display_name":"Open-circuit voltage","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14132219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14132219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9969000220298767}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1140938368","https://openalex.org/W1969405466","https://openalex.org/W1990024632","https://openalex.org/W2017075799","https://openalex.org/W2022508624","https://openalex.org/W2062859550","https://openalex.org/W2064631622","https://openalex.org/W2095961825","https://openalex.org/W2125548829","https://openalex.org/W2237519036","https://openalex.org/W2505153911","https://openalex.org/W2562466409","https://openalex.org/W2626215696","https://openalex.org/W2819844554","https://openalex.org/W2903655126","https://openalex.org/W3155240314","https://openalex.org/W3166048501","https://openalex.org/W3216297401","https://openalex.org/W4200206774","https://openalex.org/W4220768126","https://openalex.org/W4296127449","https://openalex.org/W4388995888","https://openalex.org/W4390824556","https://openalex.org/W4394859593","https://openalex.org/W4398236468","https://openalex.org/W4409051018","https://openalex.org/W7155352314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394859593","https://openalex.org/W3216297401","https://openalex.org/W3025350492","https://openalex.org/W4212766116","https://openalex.org/W2946428417","https://openalex.org/W2903655126","https://openalex.org/W4207079285","https://openalex.org/W4322489778","https://openalex.org/W4408252627","https://openalex.org/W3004369956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microfluidic":[0],"fuel":[1,22,43,147,191,205],"cells":[2,56,169],"offer":[3],"a":[4,113,189],"promising":[5],"route":[6],"for":[7],"portable":[8],"power":[9,101,119,200],"generation;":[10],"however,":[11],"scaling":[12],"paper-based":[13,41,203],"systems":[14],"remains":[15],"challenging":[16],"because":[17,170],"capillary-driven":[18],"flow":[19],"can":[20,184],"limit":[21],"distribution":[23],"and":[24,33,86,106,125,138,193],"electrochemical":[25],"performance.":[26],"This":[27],"work":[28],"investigates":[29],"the":[30,77,82,99,117,126,132,157,167,175],"experimental":[31],"performance":[32],"computational":[34],"fluid":[35],"dynamics":[36],"(CFD)":[37],"behavior":[38],"of":[39,84,171],"air-breathing":[40],"microfluidic":[42,204],"cell":[44],"(\u03bcFCs)":[45],"stacks":[46],"powered":[47],"directly":[48,186],"by":[49,81],"commercial":[50],"tequila":[51,183],"(35":[52],"vol.%":[53],"ethanol).":[54],"Single":[55],"with":[57],"electrode":[58,92],"areas":[59],"ranging":[60],"from":[61,150],"0.5":[62,65,96],"cm":[63,66,69,72,94],"\u00d7":[64,70,95,152,162],"to":[67,75,112,121,128,159],"3":[68,71],"were":[73],"evaluated":[74],"determine":[76],"optimal":[78],"design,":[79],"followed":[80],"construction":[83],"4-cell":[85,133],"6-cell":[87,114],"series-parallel":[88],"stacks.":[89],"The":[90,179],"smallest":[91],"(0.5":[93],"cm)":[97],"achieved":[98],"highest":[100],"density":[102,120],"(0.142":[103],"mW":[104,123,136],"cm\u22122)":[105],"open-circuit":[107],"voltage":[108,127],"(0.92":[109],"V).":[110,140],"Scaling":[111],"stack":[115,196],"increased":[116],"maximum":[118],"3.20":[122],"cm\u22122":[124,137],"1.39":[129],"V,":[130],"outperforming":[131],"configuration":[134],"(1.09":[135],"1.07":[139],"Computational":[141],"Fluid":[142],"Dynamics":[143],"simulations":[144],"revealed":[145],"that":[146,182,194],"velocity":[148],"decreased":[149],"2.8":[151],"10\u22122":[153],"m":[154,164],"s\u22121":[155,165],"near":[156],"inlet":[158],"approximately":[160],"1.0":[161],"10\u22126":[163],"in":[166,202],"final":[168],"porous-medium":[172],"resistance,":[173],"explaining":[174],"observed":[176],"mass-transport":[177],"limitations.":[178],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"be":[185],"used":[187],"as":[188],"sustainable":[190],"source":[192],"optimized":[195],"architectures":[197],"significantly":[198],"enhance":[199],"generation":[201],"cells.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}