{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167407703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","title":"Data and code from: Towards optimizing target engagement in non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation: Anatomical characterization of the human trigeminal nerve","display_name":"Data and code from: Towards optimizing target engagement in non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation: Anatomical characterization of the human trigeminal nerve","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167407703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051161","display_name":"DRYAD","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115014209","display_name":"Jennifer L Perrault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2211-9683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2211-9683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perrault, Jennifer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2211-9683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014408414","display_name":"Keith D. Kozma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2733-7519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2733-7519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kozma, Keith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2733-7519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023067254","display_name":"Weifeng Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-7145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-7145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeng, Weifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076100835","display_name":"Zeeda H. Nkana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-7384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-7384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nkana, Zeeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012628757","display_name":"Nicholas J. Albano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albano, Nicholas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051786851","display_name":"Kristen Gunderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunderson, Kristen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140068933","display_name":"Samuel Hurley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hurley, Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033224584","display_name":"Wendell B. Lake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-3041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1294-3041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lake, Wendell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140067974","display_name":"Justin Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Williams, Justin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112839354","display_name":"Samuel O. Poore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4757-5445","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-3306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poore, Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049857274","display_name":"Kip A. Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig, Kip","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135295596","display_name":"Aaron Dingle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-2194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-2194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingle, Aaron","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070400317","display_name":"Aaron J. Suminski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-5049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-5049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suminski, Aaron","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.09950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.04450000077486038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigeminal-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"trigeminal nerve stimulation","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-neuromodulation","display_name":"non-invasive neuromodulation","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supraorbital-nerve","display_name":"supraorbital nerve","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infraorbital-nerve","display_name":"infraorbital nerve","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-nerve","display_name":"mental nerve","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-model","display_name":"finite element model","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-impedance","display_name":"skin impedance","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadaveric-anatomy","display_name":"cadaveric anatomy","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cranial-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"cranial nerve stimulation","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189763","display_name":"Trigeminal nerve","level":2,"score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6772000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781404750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140","display_name":"Vagus nerve","level":3,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170958749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21286187","display_name":"Magnetic resonance neurography","level":3,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551621295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182228","display_name":"Brainstem","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779987240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767116","display_name":"Foramen ovale (heart)","level":4,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779773560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385981","display_name":"Mandibular nerve","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2635510","display_name":"Sensory nerve","level":3,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776352249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776972","display_name":"Trigeminal ganglion","level":3,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780355897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132120","display_name":"Trigeminal neuralgia","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175696284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986524","display_name":"Cadaveric spasm","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780504541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840467","display_name":"Microvascular decompression","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778034410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180454","display_name":"Cranial nerves","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25457674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17163316","display_name":"Sensory stimulation therapy","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209704","display_name":"Olfactory nerve","level":4,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779285236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817831","display_name":"Lingual nerve","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781163603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988861","display_name":"Epineurium","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545314008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169953","display_name":"Peripheral nervous system","level":3,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051161","display_name":"DRYAD","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5mg","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051161","display_name":"DRYAD","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6641338191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-17-2-4010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416083128","https://openalex.org/W4411643587","https://openalex.org/W2899118717","https://openalex.org/W4389026644","https://openalex.org/W2385965277","https://openalex.org/W2955080779","https://openalex.org/W1998649138","https://openalex.org/W4238603295","https://openalex.org/W7220377621","https://openalex.org/W4410334921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Cranial":[1],"nerve":[2,33,75,116,180,239,263,290],"stimulation":[3,76,240],"(CNS)":[4],"uses":[5],"electric":[6],"current":[7],"to":[8,42,104,112,121,146,186,203,221,246,262,267,279,293],"modulate":[9],"higher-order":[10],"brain":[11],"activity":[12],"and":[13,21,28,54,58,66,71,87,94,110,118,132,157,167,174,194,219,232,285,299],"organ":[14],"function":[15],"via":[16],"nerves,":[17],"including":[18],"the":[19,43,49,59,64,69,84,91,122,128,148,170,178,192,204,229,242],"vagus":[20],"trigeminal,":[22],"with":[23,196,251],"applications":[24],"in":[25,286],"migraine,":[26],"epilepsy,":[27],"pediatric":[29],"ADHD.":[30],"The":[31,182,226],"trigeminal":[32,74,179,238],"is":[34],"an":[35,141,275],"emerging":[36],"target":[37,235,301],"for":[38,216,236],"non-invasive":[39],"neuromodulation":[40],"due":[41,245],"superficial":[44,190,248],"trajectory":[45],"of":[46,63,73,90,130,150,155,258,289,297],"its":[47,247],"branches,":[48],"supraorbital":[50],"(SON),":[51],"infraorbital":[52],"(ION),":[53],"mental":[55],"nerves":[56],"(MN),":[57],"predominantly":[60],"sensory":[61],"composition":[62,89],"SON":[65,183,227],"ION.":[67],"However,":[68],"parameters":[70],"outcomes":[72],"(TNS)":[77],"remain":[78],"varied.":[79],"Approach:":[80],"This":[81],"study":[82],"characterizes":[83],"anatomical":[85],"course":[86],"tissue":[88,134,200],"SON,":[92],"ION,":[93],"MN":[95,195],"using":[96],"five":[97],"human":[98],"donors.":[99],"CT":[100],"imaging":[101,168,288],"was":[102,184,212],"used":[103],"localize":[105],"each":[106],"nerve\u2019s":[107],"exit":[108],"foramen":[109],"distance":[111],"midline.":[113],"Microdissections":[114],"quantified":[115],"circumference":[117],"depth":[119,211],"relative":[120],"skin":[123,222],"surface.":[124],"Histological":[125],"analysis":[126],"described":[127],"number":[129],"fascicles":[131],"fascicular":[133,175],"area.":[135],"Nerve":[136],"depths":[137],"were":[138],"incorporated":[139],"into":[140],"illustrative":[142,207],"finite":[143],"element":[144],"model":[145],"assess":[147],"effect":[149],"interface":[151],"properties":[152],"on":[153],"activation":[154,218,257,296],"on-":[156,298],"off-target":[158,269],"neural":[159,217],"pathways.":[160,302],"Main":[161],"Results:":[162],"Cadaveric":[163],"measurements,":[164],"histological":[165],"analyses,":[166],"outline":[169],"depths,":[171],"branching":[172,291],"patterns,":[173],"organization":[176],"within":[177],"branches.":[181],"found":[185],"be":[187],"significantly":[188],"more":[189],"than":[191],"ION":[193],"a":[197,213],"higher":[198],"nerve-to-connective":[199],"ratio":[201],"compared":[202,261],"MN.":[205],"Our":[206],"modeling":[208],"demonstrated":[209],"that":[210],"driving":[214],"factor":[215],"sensitivity":[220],"impedance":[223],"properties.":[224],"Significance:":[225],"presents":[228],"most":[230],"accessible":[231],"anatomically":[233,276],"favorable":[234],"transcutaneous":[237],"among":[241],"branches":[243],"examined":[244],"location.":[249],"Consistent":[250],"our":[252],"previous":[253],"work,":[254],"however,":[255],"preferential":[256],"low-threshold":[259],"nociceptors":[260],"trunks":[264],"may":[265],"lead":[266],"treatment-limiting":[268],"side":[270],"effects.":[271],"These":[272],"findings":[273],"offer":[274],"informed":[277],"framework":[278],"guide":[280],"further":[281],"modeling,":[282],"electrode":[283],"design,":[284],"situ":[287],"patterns":[292],"better":[294],"estimate":[295],"off-":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-07-06T00:00:00"}
