{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167367259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","title":"Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Conditions Among Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State: Implications of Pesticide Exposure and Lifestyle Factors","display_name":"Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Conditions Among Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State: Implications of Pesticide Exposure and Lifestyle Factors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167367259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5812/jhrt-163428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","pdf_url":"https://brieflands.com/journals/jhrt/articles/163428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180185","display_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","issn_l":"2783-2511","issn":["2783-2511"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://brieflands.com/journals/jhrt/articles/163428.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137580865","display_name":"Odochi Chukwu Ogbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Odochi Chukwu Ogbu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091254323","display_name":"Raphael Chinedu Anakwue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-8729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-8729","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9765-6972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255170","display_name":"David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences Uburu","ror":"https://ror.org/02ph9d254","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Anakwue Chinedu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria","Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137580865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45384527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12732","display_name":"Agriculture and Farm Safety","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-exposure","display_name":"pesticide exposure","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-farmers","display_name":"rice farmers","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-disorders","display_name":"metabolic disorders","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-disease","display_name":"heart disease","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicides","display_name":"herbicides","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxadiazon","display_name":"oxadiazon","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendimethalin","display_name":"pendimethalin","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butachlor","display_name":"butachlor","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-safety-training","display_name":"pesticide safety training","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-factors","display_name":"lifestyle factors","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ebonyi-state","display_name":"Ebonyi State","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.7784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7077999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106848363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118259","display_name":"Pesticide residue","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5812/jhrt-163428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","pdf_url":"https://brieflands.com/journals/jhrt/articles/163428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180185","display_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","issn_l":"2783-2511","issn":["2783-2511"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5812/jhrt-163428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhrt-163428","pdf_url":"https://brieflands.com/journals/jhrt/articles/163428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180185","display_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","issn_l":"2783-2511","issn":["2783-2511"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health Reports and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7510448098182678,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167367259.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167367259.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1749969348","https://openalex.org/W2011543302","https://openalex.org/W2087545338","https://openalex.org/W2095071069","https://openalex.org/W2127163848","https://openalex.org/W2146416965","https://openalex.org/W2553571018","https://openalex.org/W2621131776","https://openalex.org/W2883973573","https://openalex.org/W2984989399","https://openalex.org/W3007729541","https://openalex.org/W3032931934","https://openalex.org/W3080508052","https://openalex.org/W3082982298","https://openalex.org/W3108533197","https://openalex.org/W4206549835","https://openalex.org/W4223902294","https://openalex.org/W4281970279","https://openalex.org/W4387654952","https://openalex.org/W4392454752","https://openalex.org/W4408715214","https://openalex.org/W7130648710"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Pesticide":[1],"exposure":[2,223],"among":[3,37,56,198],"smallholder":[4,255],"farmers":[5,39,62,141,164,199,206],"in":[6,15,40,67,207],"Nigeria":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,143,211],"growing":[10],"public":[11],"health":[12,35,96,239],"concern,":[13],"especially":[14],"regions":[16],"with":[17,132,191,221],"intensive":[18],"herbicide":[19],"use":[20],"and":[21,33,53,63,81,86,101,106,124,155,172,183,217,224,237],"limited":[22],"safety":[23,170,232],"education.":[24],"Objectives:":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27,48],"assessed":[28],"the":[29,242,248],"prevalence":[30,146],"of":[31,115,147,187,215],"cardiovascular":[32,216],"metabolic":[34,218],"conditions":[36],"rice":[38,61],"Ebonyi":[41,68,208],"State,":[42],"Nigeria.":[43],"Methods:":[44],"A":[45],"cross-sectional":[46,243],"comparative":[47],"was":[49,195],"conducted":[50],"between":[51],"March":[52],"April":[54],"2025":[55],"87":[57],"adults,":[58],"including":[59,104],"48":[60],"39":[64],"non-farming":[65],"controls,":[66],"State.":[69],"Participants":[70],"aged":[71],"18":[72],"-":[73],"55":[74],"years":[75,114],"were":[76,89,127],"recruited":[77],"using":[78,91],"purposive":[79],"sampling":[80],"frequency":[82],"matching":[83],"by":[84],"age":[85],"sex.":[87],"Data":[88],"collected":[90],"structured,":[92],"interviewer-administered":[93],"questionnaires":[94],"on":[95,176],"conditions,":[97],"pesticide":[98,116,222,231],"application":[99,117],"practices,":[100],"lifestyle":[102],"behaviors,":[103],"smoking":[105],"alcohol":[107],"use.":[108],"Inclusion":[109],"required":[110],"at":[111],"least":[112],"2":[113],"experience":[118],"for":[119],"farmers.":[120],"Independent":[121],"t":[122],"tests":[123,126],"chi-square":[125],"used":[128],"to":[129,253],"compare":[130],"groups,":[131],"P":[133],"<":[134,161],"0.05":[135],"considered":[136],"statistically":[137],"significant.":[138],"Results:":[139],"Rice":[140,205],"reported":[142],"significantly":[144],"higher":[145,213],"hypertension":[148],"(88%),":[149],"heart":[150],"disease":[151],"(85%),":[152],"diabetes":[153],"(62%),":[154],"stroke":[156],"(71%)":[157],"than":[158,201],"controls":[159,202],"(P":[160],"0.05).":[162],"Most":[163],"(99%)":[165],"had":[166,210],"received":[167],"no":[168],"formal":[169,230],"training,":[171,233],"89%":[173],"relied":[174],"solely":[175],"herbicides,":[177],"primarily":[178],"oxadiazon":[179],"(41.7%),":[180],"pendimethalin":[181],"(30.2%),":[182],"butachlor":[184],"(28.1%),":[185],"all":[186],"which":[188],"are":[189,250],"associated":[190,220],"toxicological":[192],"risks.":[193],"Smoking":[194],"more":[196],"prevalent":[197],"(65%)":[200],"(43%).":[203],"Conclusions:":[204],"State":[209],"markedly":[212],"burden":[214],"disorders":[219],"unsafe":[225],"practices.":[226],"Interventions":[227],"should":[228],"prioritize":[229],"integrated":[234],"pest":[235],"management,":[236],"routine":[238],"screening.":[240],"Although":[241],"design":[244],"limits":[245],"causal":[246],"inference,":[247],"findings":[249],"likely":[251],"generalizable":[252],"similar":[254],"farming":[256],"populations":[257],"across":[258],"sub-Saharan":[259],"Africa.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-07-05T00:00:00"}
