{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167227366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","title":"\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0422\u042b \u0423\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u042b \u0410\u041d\u0413\u041b\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u042f\u0417\u042b\u041a\u0410 (\u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420\u0415 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412-\u0410\u041d\u0422\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041c\u041e\u0412)","display_name":"\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u0422\u042b \u0423\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u042b \u0410\u041d\u0413\u041b\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e \u042f\u0417\u042b\u041a\u0410 (\u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0420\u0415 \u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412-\u0410\u041d\u0422\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041c\u041e\u0412)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167227366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018"},"language":"ru","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234099","display_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","issn_l":"1680-1709","issn":["1680-1709","2713-0630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084635853","display_name":"\u0428\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-8271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-8271","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-3867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155162","display_name":"Ufa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnaj108","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155162"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u041b.\u041c. \u0428\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0440\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0423\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-8271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0423\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084635853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155162"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"2(131)","first_page":"158","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.3425000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.3425000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.31299999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13260","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.16200000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antonymy","display_name":"antonymy","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-formation","display_name":"word formation","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphemes","display_name":"morphemes","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parts-of-speech","display_name":"parts of speech","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-terminology","display_name":"economic terminology","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-structure","display_name":"English language structure","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-russian-contrastive-analysis","display_name":"English-Russian contrastive analysis","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234099","display_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","issn_l":"1680-1709","issn":["1680-1709","2713-0630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/straty-urovnevoy-sistemy-angliyskogo-yazyka-na-primere-slov-antonimov","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/straty-urovnevoy-sistemy-angliyskogo-yazyka-na-primere-slov-antonimov","pdf_url":"https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/straty-urovnevoy-sistemy-angliyskogo-yazyka-na-primere-slov-antonimov/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401404","display_name":"CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2026.131.2.018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234099","display_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","issn_l":"1680-1709","issn":["1680-1709","2713-0630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167227366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167227366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092550103","https://openalex.org/W3117850409","https://openalex.org/W4285192170","https://openalex.org/W4311781469","https://openalex.org/W4318833989","https://openalex.org/W4384912587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154724264","https://openalex.org/W7105916039","https://openalex.org/W7202369279","https://openalex.org/W7222837234","https://openalex.org/W7222417431","https://openalex.org/W7222845992","https://openalex.org/W191651473","https://openalex.org/W3108637176","https://openalex.org/W6963799671","https://openalex.org/W7155553556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0412":[0,93,149],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435":[1],"\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[2],"\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439":[3],"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434":[4],"\u043e\u0442":[5],"\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[6],"\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f":[7,151],"\u043a":[8],"\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443":[9],"\u043f\u0440\u0438":[10,159],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438":[11],"\u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e":[12,156],"\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430":[13,157],"\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e":[14],"\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430.":[15,53],"\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c":[16],"\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b":[17],"\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[18],"\u0432":[19,22,65,112,132,162,177,185],"\u0442\u043e\u043c,":[20],"\u0447\u0442\u043e":[21,97],"\u043d\u0435\u0439":[23],"\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[24],"\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439":[25],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441":[26],"\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438,":[27],"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f":[28],"\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435":[29],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c":[30],"\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e":[31],"\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435":[32],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439":[33],"\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435":[34],"\u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c":[35],"\u043a\u0430\u043a":[36,101],"\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435":[37],"\u0438":[38,45,60,99,136,141,175],"\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435":[39],"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435":[40],"(\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044f\u0441\u044c":[41],"\u043d\u0430":[42,50,117],"\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438":[43,52,191],"\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438":[44],"\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438),":[46],"\u0430":[47,78,182],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c":[48],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[49],"\u0432\u0441\u0435":[51],"\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c":[54],"\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f":[55,95],"\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442":[56],"\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435":[57,81],"\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b":[58],"(\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430":[59],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f),":[61],"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435":[62],"\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438":[63],"\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b":[64],"\u00ab\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c":[66],"\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c":[67],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u00bb":[68],"\u043f\u043e\u0434":[69],"\u0440\u0435\u0434.":[70],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444.,":[71],"\u0434-\u0440\u0430":[72,87],"\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d.":[73],"\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a":[74,89],"\u0410.":[75],"\u0412.":[76],"\u0410\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430,":[77],"\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435":[79,183],"\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435":[80,146],"\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438":[82],"\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e":[83],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f":[84],"\u0421\u0428\u0410":[85],"\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430,":[86],"\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b.":[88],"\u0413.":[90],"\u0414.":[91],"\u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0430.":[92],"\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435":[94],"\u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e,":[96],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435":[98],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435":[100],"\u0434\u0432\u0430":[102,108],"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430":[103],"\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438":[104],"\u043e":[105],"\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435":[106,163],"(\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445":[107],"\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445":[109],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430,":[110],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445":[111],"\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435)":[113],"\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442":[114,144],"\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c":[115],"\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044e":[116,137],"\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435":[118],"\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043c":[119],"(\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e":[120],"\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e,":[121],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430":[122],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[123],"\u043a\u043e":[124],"\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443":[125],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443":[126],"\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c,":[127],"\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442":[128],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441":[129],"\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e":[130,192],"\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c":[131],"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439":[133],"\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435":[134],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c)":[135],"\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439":[138],"\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438":[139],"(\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435":[140],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435":[142],"\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043c\u044b":[143],"\u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c":[145],"\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438":[147],"\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438).":[148],"\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443":[150],"\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432":[152],"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d":[153],"\u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439":[154],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f":[155],"\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430,":[158,200],"\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c":[160],"\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b":[161],"\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442":[164],"\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e":[165],"\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c:":[166],"\u043e\u043d\u0438":[167],"\u043d\u0435":[168],"\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e":[169],"\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438":[170],"\u043f\u043e":[171],"\u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435":[172,186],"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u044b,":[173],"\u043d\u043e":[174],"\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442":[176],"\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432":[178],"\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435":[179,187],"\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445":[180],"\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446,":[181],"\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442":[184],"\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0435":[188],"\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b.":[189],"\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435":[190],"\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c":[193],"\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f":[194],"\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c":[195],"\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c":[196],"\u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c":[197],"\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c":[198],"\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438":[199],"\u0447\u044c\u0435":[201],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435":[202],"\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442":[203],"\u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435":[204],"\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438.":[205],"The":[206,228,277,320,393,437],"article":[207],"describes":[208],"the":[209,218,221,225,235,240,257,265,289,306,311,337,346,352,359,374,400,404,413,454],"consistent":[210],"transition":[211],"from":[212,288,305],"one":[213],"level":[214,347,375,394],"to":[215,264,272,341,351,358,387],"another":[216],"in":[217,234,336,409,412,424],"formation":[219],"of":[220,224,230,243,259,275,296,308,315,330,348,376,378,391,395,403,407,430,449],"hierarchical":[222,405],"structure":[223,406],"English":[226],"language.":[227],"relevance":[229],"this":[231,363],"work":[232],"lies":[233],"fact":[236],"that":[237,323],"it":[238],"establishes":[239],"current":[241],"status":[242],"antonymy,":[244],"which":[245,410,452],"has":[246],"been":[247],"previously":[248],"considered":[249],"as":[250,327,369],"a":[251,354,416],"linguistic":[252],"and":[253,261,285,301,325,362,371,381,433],"speech":[254,379],"phenomenon":[255],"(at":[256],"levels":[258,274,439],"paradigmatics":[260],"syntagmatics)":[262],"according":[263],"most":[266],"progressive":[267],"interpretation,":[268],"but":[269,426],"now":[270],"extends":[271],"all":[273],"linguistics.":[276],"study":[278,321],"is":[279,356,397],"based":[280,398,443],"on":[281,399,444],"economic":[282,303],"terms":[283],"(words":[284],"phrases)":[286],"selected":[287],"English-Russian":[290],"Economic":[291],"Dictionaryedited":[292],"by":[293,310],"Professor,":[294],"Doctor":[295,314],"Economics":[297],"A.":[298],"V.":[299],"Anikin,":[300],"various":[302],"realities":[304],"Dictionary":[307],"USA":[309],"encyclopedic":[312],"scientist,":[313],"Philology":[316],"G.":[317],"D.":[318],"Tomakhin.":[319],"revealed":[322],"word-formation":[324],"word-inflection,":[326],"two":[328,333],"subjects":[329],"linguistics":[331],"(reflecting":[332],"different":[334,389],"processes":[335],"language),":[338],"allow":[339,385],"us":[340,386],"distinguish":[342],"between":[343],"antonymy":[344,372],"at":[345,373],"morphemes":[349,384],"(according":[350],"definition,":[353],"prefix":[355],"attached":[357],"entire":[360],"word,":[361],"process":[364],"can":[365,440],"be":[366,441],"fully":[367],"described":[368],"word-formation)":[370],"parts":[377,390],"(word-formation":[380],"word":[382],"inflectional":[383],"identify":[388],"speech).":[392],"concepts":[396],"fundamental":[401,447],"principle":[402],"language,":[408],"units":[411,432],"language":[414,450],"play":[415],"dual":[417],"role:":[418],"they":[419],"are":[420],"not":[421],"only":[422],"indivisible":[423],"themselves,":[425],"also":[427],"form":[428],"part":[429],"larger":[431],"combine":[434],"smaller":[435],"elements.":[436],"remaining":[438],"identified":[442,455],"several":[445],"other":[446],"principles":[448],"theory,":[451],"complement":[453],"levels.":[456]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-04T00:00:00"}
