{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167206161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","title":"Impacts of water depth on pedestrian speed, gait, and stability: results from an experimental study","display_name":"Impacts of water depth on pedestrian speed, gait, and stability: results from an experimental study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167206161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","pdf_url":"https://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/APP/article/download/11596/7672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217590","display_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","issn_l":"2336-5382","issn":["2336-5382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314325","host_organization_name":"CTU Central Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CTU Central Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/APP/article/download/11596/7672","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139486005","display_name":"Xintong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768148","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01vq13895","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China; University of Bristol, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China; University of Bristol, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110406149","display_name":"W Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-9917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-9917","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-2339","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-8889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768148","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01vq13895","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139995809","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-2027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-2027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768148","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01vq13895","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, 230027 Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4391768148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041250055","display_name":"Nikolai W. F. Bode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-5191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-5191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolai W.F. Bode","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90551432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":null,"first_page":"226","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12487","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-depth","display_name":"water depth","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-speed","display_name":"pedestrian speed","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"gait","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-stability","display_name":"gait stability","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-length","display_name":"step length","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadence","display_name":"cadence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-evacuation","display_name":"flood evacuation","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-safety","display_name":"flood safety","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.630299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","pdf_url":"https://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/APP/article/download/11596/7672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217590","display_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","issn_l":"2336-5382","issn":["2336-5382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314325","host_organization_name":"CTU Central Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CTU Central Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/5ca87130-dbd4-4146-bc76-82b26886dfb3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5ca87130-dbd4-4146-bc76-82b26886dfb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Li, X, Song, W, Zhang, J & Bode, N W F 2026, 'Impacts of water depth on pedestrian speed, gait, and stability : results from an experimental study', Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, vol. 57, pp. 226-238. https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2026.57.0226","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:35b857f4de00456ea79f9f5ab7121e8a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/35b857f4de00456ea79f9f5ab7121e8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol 57 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.cvut.cz:10467/184686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10467/184686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400739","display_name":"Cvut DSpace (Czech Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","host_organization_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/5ca87130-dbd4-4146-bc76-82b26886dfb3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5ca87130-dbd4-4146-bc76-82b26886dfb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, X, Song, W, Zhang, J & Bode, N W F 2026, 'Impacts of water depth on pedestrian speed, gait, and stability : results from an experimental study', Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, vol. 57, pp. 226-238. https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2026.57.0226","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2026.57.0226","pdf_url":"https://ojs.cvut.cz/ojs/index.php/APP/article/download/11596/7672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217590","display_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","issn_l":"2336-5382","issn":["2336-5382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314325","host_organization_name":"CTU Central Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CTU Central Library"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167206161.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7167206161.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145112288","https://openalex.org/W1848277695","https://openalex.org/W2004588631","https://openalex.org/W2034927493","https://openalex.org/W2038587098","https://openalex.org/W2078529379","https://openalex.org/W2159430764","https://openalex.org/W2190927192","https://openalex.org/W2224784044","https://openalex.org/W2283401278","https://openalex.org/W2441567408","https://openalex.org/W2733295163","https://openalex.org/W2789914411","https://openalex.org/W2790722234","https://openalex.org/W2795668929","https://openalex.org/W2809099638","https://openalex.org/W2918520983","https://openalex.org/W2922249610","https://openalex.org/W2953214869","https://openalex.org/W2995791108","https://openalex.org/W3048393929","https://openalex.org/W3113746866","https://openalex.org/W3128512519","https://openalex.org/W3149107602","https://openalex.org/W3149456682","https://openalex.org/W4310346792","https://openalex.org/W4317376892","https://openalex.org/W4319456370","https://openalex.org/W4321460182","https://openalex.org/W4387332415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140302145","https://openalex.org/W3149107602","https://openalex.org/W4414000572","https://openalex.org/W7160926415","https://openalex.org/W7094471773","https://openalex.org/W4401645280","https://openalex.org/W4310346792","https://openalex.org/W7117145798","https://openalex.org/W4317376892","https://openalex.org/W2783772523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"rapid":[1],"socio-economic":[2],"development":[3],"and":[4,17,45,67,85,97,100,107,135,157,174,180,190],"increasingly":[5],"frequent":[6],"extreme":[7],"weather":[8],"events,":[9],"flood":[10,187,195],"disasters":[11],"have":[12],"led":[13],"to":[14,48,75,147,185],"growing":[15],"losses":[16],"casualties,":[18],"highlighting":[19],"the":[20,50,150],"importance":[21],"of":[22,52,152],"understanding":[23],"pedestrian":[24,65,78,172,192],"dynamics":[25],"in":[26,113,116,125,130],"flooded":[27],"environments.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"conducted":[31],"controlled":[32],"movement":[33,173],"experiments":[34],"involving":[35],"188":[36],"participants":[37],"across":[38],"four":[39],"water":[40,53,61,169],"depths":[41,145],"(0,":[42],"0.35,":[43],"0.60,":[44],"0.90":[46,148],"m)":[47],"investigate":[49],"effects":[51],"depth":[54,62,71,114,170],"on":[55],"walking":[56,126],"behavior.":[57],"Results":[58],"show":[59],"that":[60],"significantly":[63],"influences":[64],"speed":[66,79],"gait":[68,163],"characteristics.":[69],"When":[70],"increased":[72,93],"from":[73],"0m":[74],"0.35":[76],"m,":[77,149],"decreased":[80],"by":[81,94,104],"38.6%":[82],"for":[83,88,154],"males":[84],"44.8":[86],"%":[87,96,106],"females,":[89],"lateral":[90],"swaying":[91,136],"amplitude":[92,137],"69":[95],"133.3":[98],"%,":[99,109],"step":[101,133,155],"length":[102,156],"shortened":[103],"37.0":[105],"32.0":[108],"respectively.":[110],"Further":[111],"increases":[112],"resulted":[115],"progressively":[117],"smaller":[118],"changes.":[119],"Water":[120],"also":[121],"exacerbated":[122],"gender":[123],"differences":[124],"speed,":[127],"while":[128],"disparities":[129],"stride":[131,158],"frequency,":[132],"length,":[134],"were":[138],"most":[139],"pronounced":[140],"under":[141],"dry":[142],"conditions.":[143],"At":[144],"up":[146],"coefficients":[151],"variation":[153],"frequency":[159],"increased,":[160],"indicating":[161],"diminished":[162],"stability.":[164],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"clarify":[167],"how":[168],"affects":[171],"stability,":[175],"reveal":[176],"gender-specific":[177],"behavioral":[178],"responses,":[179],"provide":[181],"essential":[182],"empirical":[183],"data":[184],"improve":[186],"evacuation":[188],"modeling":[189],"enhance":[191],"safety":[193],"during":[194],"events.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-07-04T00:00:00"}