{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167059989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","title":"NITRO-IDS: Network IoT Traffic Robust Optimized Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Learning","display_name":"NITRO-IDS: Network IoT Traffic Robust Optimized Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167059989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407104637","display_name":"ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083356622","display_name":"Amel Mohamed Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-3116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-3116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122785","display_name":"Canadian International College","ror":"https://ror.org/03374t109","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amel Mohamed Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120712040","display_name":"Youssef Hamdy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122785","display_name":"Canadian International College","ror":"https://ror.org/03374t109","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Hamdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111158348","display_name":"M Khedr Wael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122785","display_name":"Canadian International College","ror":"https://ror.org/03374t109","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Wael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139870274","display_name":"Mohamed Mostaffa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122785","display_name":"Canadian International College","ror":"https://ror.org/03374t109","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mostaffa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian International College (CIC),Communications and Electronics Engineering Department,Giza,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection","display_name":"intrusion detection","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iot-security","display_name":"Internet of Things security","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-classification","display_name":"network traffic classification","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-augmentation","display_name":"data augmentation","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smote","display_name":"SMOTE","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctgan","display_name":"CTGAN","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-networks","display_name":"generative adversarial networks","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-minority-oversampling","display_name":"synthetic minority oversampling","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"feature engineering","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attacks","display_name":"denial-of-service attacks","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddos-attacks","display_name":"DDoS attacks","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137524506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2247688","display_name":"Anomaly-based intrusion detection system","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407104637","display_name":"ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicc69623.2026.11582044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407104637","display_name":"ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Intelligent Computing and Cybersecurity (IICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W3017346274","https://openalex.org/W3020873385","https://openalex.org/W3206948482","https://openalex.org/W4200336303","https://openalex.org/W4205767260","https://openalex.org/W4280535971","https://openalex.org/W4382281941","https://openalex.org/W4393407253","https://openalex.org/W4393407305","https://openalex.org/W4396690994","https://openalex.org/W4403022160","https://openalex.org/W4404517050","https://openalex.org/W4404635606","https://openalex.org/W4405631660","https://openalex.org/W4408155247","https://openalex.org/W4410320033","https://openalex.org/W4410600847","https://openalex.org/W4410716554","https://openalex.org/W4411359647","https://openalex.org/W4411870410","https://openalex.org/W4412547954","https://openalex.org/W4413453501","https://openalex.org/W4417166750","https://openalex.org/W7125650854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6960253513","https://openalex.org/W6922780427","https://openalex.org/W7220704493","https://openalex.org/W6941196992","https://openalex.org/W7214790413","https://openalex.org/W7124660174","https://openalex.org/W6885078284","https://openalex.org/W3162037866","https://openalex.org/W6960636123","https://openalex.org/W4255143038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"NITRO-IDS":[5,79,191],"(Network":[6],"IoT":[7,35,72,97,228,242],"Traffic":[8],"Robust":[9],"Optimized":[10],"Intrusion":[11],"Detection":[12],"System),":[13],"a":[14,107,235],"deep":[15,82],"learning\u2013based":[16],"framework":[17,199],"designed":[18],"to":[19,49,59,64,89,112,204],"address":[20],"the":[21,40,65,173,189,194],"security":[22,243],"challenges":[23],"of":[24,27,34,43,71,176],"modern":[25],"Internet":[26],"Things":[28],"(IoT)":[29],"environments.":[30],"The":[31,99,123,197,231],"rapid":[32],"proliferation":[33],"devices":[36],"has":[37],"significantly":[38,192],"expanded":[39],"attack":[41,138],"surface":[42],"network":[44,120],"infrastructures,":[45],"exposing":[46],"resource-constrained":[47],"systems":[48,56],"several":[50],"cyber":[51],"threats.":[52],"Conventional":[53],"intrusion":[54],"detection":[55,220],"often":[57],"struggle":[58],"maintain":[60],"reliable":[61],"performance":[62],"due":[63],"highly":[66,226],"imbalanced":[67,227],"and":[68,84,116,135,143,160,222,237],"noisy":[69],"nature":[70],"traffic":[73,93,121,127,183,229],"datasets.":[74],"To":[75,145],"overcome":[76],"these":[77],"limitations,":[78],"integrates":[80,102],"optimized":[81],"learning":[83],"advanced":[85],"data":[86,150,216],"balancing":[87],"techniques":[88],"enable":[90],"robust":[91],"multi-class":[92],"classification":[94],"in":[95,119,225],"complex":[96],"scenarios.":[98,230],"proposed":[100,198,232],"system":[101,233],"strategic":[103],"feature":[104],"engineering":[105],"with":[106],"Convolutional":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network":[110],"(CNN)":[111],"efficiently":[113],"capture":[114],"temporal":[115],"statistical":[117],"patterns":[118],"flows.":[122],"model":[124],"performs":[125],"six-class":[126],"classification,":[128],"distinguishing":[129],"Normal":[130],"traffic,":[131],"Benign":[132],"anomalous":[133],"activity,":[134],"four":[136],"major":[137],"categories:":[139],"Theft,":[140],"Reconnaissance,":[141],"DoS,":[142],"DDoS.":[144],"mitigate":[146],"class":[147],"imbalance,":[148],"two":[149],"augmentation":[151],"strategies":[152],"are":[153],"investigated:":[154],"Synthetic":[155],"Minority":[156],"Over-sampling":[157],"Technique":[158],"(SMOTE)":[159],"Conditional":[161],"Tabular":[162],"Generative":[163],"Adversarial":[164],"Networks":[165],"(CTGAN).":[166],"Unlike":[167],"traditional":[168],"oversampling":[169],"methods,":[170],"CTGAN":[171],"learns":[172],"underlying":[174],"distribution":[175],"minority":[177],"classes,":[178],"generating":[179],"more":[180],"realistic":[181],"synthetic":[182,215],"samples.":[184],"Experimental":[185],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"that":[188,213],"CTGAN-enhanced":[190],"outperforms":[193],"SMOTE-based":[195],"configuration.":[196],"achieves":[200],"98.5%":[201],"accuracy,":[202],"compared":[203],"93.67%":[205],"accuracy":[206],"obtained":[207],"using":[208],"SMOTE.":[209],"These":[210],"findings":[211],"confirm":[212],"adversarial":[214],"generation":[217],"substantially":[218],"improves":[219],"robustness":[221],"generalization":[223],"capability":[224],"provides":[234],"scalable":[236],"effective":[238],"solution":[239],"for":[240],"next-generation":[241],"architectures.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-07-03T00:00:00"}