{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166830600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","title":"Zero Shot Phonics: Evaluating Constraint-Adherent Phonics Story Generation in Large Language Models","display_name":"Zero Shot Phonics: Evaluating Constraint-Adherent Phonics Story Generation in Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166830600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.61.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421257","display_name":"Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.61.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115003515","display_name":"Maria Monica Manlises","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Monica Manlises","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University Manila , Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University Manila , Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073793978","display_name":"Ethel Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-6820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4476-6820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258692","https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethel Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["De La Salle University Manila , Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle University Manila , Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4540854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"914","last_page":"932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.133200004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.08290000259876251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-literacy","display_name":"early literacy","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-coherence","display_name":"narrative coherence","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777603413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364762","display_name":"Phonics","level":3,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.61.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421257","display_name":"Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.bea-1.61","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.bea-1.61.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421257","display_name":"Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5454356670379639}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166830600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166830600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412887741","https://openalex.org/W7166884363","https://openalex.org/W7151579295","https://openalex.org/W4402670210","https://openalex.org/W7172265037","https://openalex.org/W4416037489","https://openalex.org/W4389518743","https://openalex.org/W7166580641","https://openalex.org/W4403322533","https://openalex.org/W7135194422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phonics":[0],"stories":[1],"are":[2,67],"essential":[3],"for":[4,26],"early":[5],"literacy,":[6],"requiring":[7],"controlled":[8],"repetition":[9],"of":[10,117,125],"graphemephoneme":[11],"(GP)":[12],"patterns":[13],"while":[14,85],"remaining":[15],"simple,":[16],"readable,":[17],"and":[18,36,54,80,90,99,103,122,137],"developmentally":[19],"appropriate.Generating":[20],"such":[21],"texts":[22],"poses":[23],"a":[24,59,70],"challenge":[25],"large":[27],"language":[28],"models":[29],"(LLMs),":[30],"which":[31],"must":[32],"handle":[33],"multiple":[34],"linguistic":[35],"pedagogical":[37],"constraints.To":[38],"investigate":[39],"how":[40],"these":[41],"constraints":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44],"balanced,":[45],"we":[46],"systematically":[47],"vary":[48],"prompt":[49,126],"design":[50,102,127],"across":[51,111],"16":[52],"configurations":[53],"evaluate":[55],"six":[56],"LLMs":[57,86],"in":[58,96,128,144],"zero-shot":[60],"setting,":[61],"producing":[62],"8,688":[63],"outputs":[64],"(39,096":[65],"stories).Outputs":[66],"assessed":[68],"using":[69],"multi-dimensional":[71],"framework":[72,139],"covering":[73],"phonological":[74],"alignment,":[75],"developmental":[76],"lexical":[77],"appropriateness,":[78],"readability,":[79],"narrative":[81,100],"quality.Results":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84],"generate":[87],"highly":[88],"readable":[89],"age-appropriate":[91],"text,":[92],"they":[93],"exhibit":[94],"variability":[95],"phoneme":[97],"control":[98],"coherence.Prompt":[101],"model":[104],"choice":[105],"significantly":[106],"affect":[107],"performance,":[108],"revealing":[109],"trade-offs":[110],"constraints.These":[112],"findings":[113],"highlight":[114],"the":[115,123],"challenges":[116],"controllable":[118],"educational":[119],"text":[120],"generation":[121],"importance":[124],"balancing":[129],"instructional":[130],"objectives.We":[131],"release":[132],"our":[133],"prompts,":[134],"generated":[135],"stories,":[136],"evaluation":[138],"to":[140],"support":[141],"future":[142],"work":[143],"phonics-based":[145],"story":[146],"generation.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}