{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166808002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","title":"The Digital Dunning-Kruger Effect: Decoupling Hallucinations via Geometric Hidden-state Observation for Semantic Truthfulness","display_name":"The Digital Dunning-Kruger Effect: Decoupling Hallucinations via Geometric Hidden-state Observation for Semantic Truthfulness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166808002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.993.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139808845","display_name":"Yueheng Mao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139730854","display_name":"Min Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054680909","display_name":"Gengwang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139725984","display_name":"Jianguo Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139803572","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139769749","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139822099","display_name":"Zhen Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139809690","display_name":"Weiqing Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139833049","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology , Deakin University , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43368243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21786","last_page":"21800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.050999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dunning-kruger-effect","display_name":"Dunning-Kruger effect","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-detection","display_name":"hallucination detection","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.993","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5598686933517456,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166808002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166808002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166817102","https://openalex.org/W7166797919","https://openalex.org/W7166853936","https://openalex.org/W4416037493","https://openalex.org/W7171632768","https://openalex.org/W7119515941","https://openalex.org/W4401042227","https://openalex.org/W4401043735","https://openalex.org/W7166841354","https://openalex.org/W7160117706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yueheng":[0],"Mao,":[1],"Min":[2],"Yu,":[3],"Gengwang":[4],"Li,":[5,9],"Jianguo":[6],"Jiang,":[7],"Gang":[8],"Meng":[10],"Zhang,":[11],"Zhen":[12],"Xu,":[13],"Weiqing":[14],"Huang,":[15],"Ming":[16],"Liu.":[17],"Proceedings":[18],"of":[19,24],"the":[20,25],"64th":[21],"Annual":[22],"Meeting":[23],"Association":[26],"for":[27],"Computational":[28],"Linguistics":[29],"(Volume":[30],"1:":[31],"Long":[32],"Papers).":[33],"2026.":[34]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}
