{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166805089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","title":"Temporal Evidence Chain for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering with Large Language Models","display_name":"Temporal Evidence Chain for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering with Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166805089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1361.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139805771","display_name":"Shihao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103179009","display_name":"Xiaofei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-1209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-1209","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-9728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139808603","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146563203","display_name":"University of International Business and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/05khqpb71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146563203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of International Business and Economics , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of International Business and Economics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146563203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084980263","display_name":"G. H. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1395-5467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1395-5467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43365007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29515","last_page":"29529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.5210000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.5210000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-knowledge-graphs","display_name":"temporal knowledge graphs","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-proximity","display_name":"temporal proximity","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-reasoning","display_name":"LLM reasoning","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.736299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62360110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96777007","display_name":"Circumscription","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.1361","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.1361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915740","display_name":"Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","issn_l":"0736-587X","issn":["0736-587X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4004485309123993}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231209260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166805089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166805089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7130372872","https://openalex.org/W4416023945","https://openalex.org/W4416808686","https://openalex.org/W7124763919","https://openalex.org/W4415428259","https://openalex.org/W7167884800","https://openalex.org/W7163910366","https://openalex.org/W4404782541","https://openalex.org/W7080691059","https://openalex.org/W4402670350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temporal":[0,14],"Knowledge":[1,15],"Graph":[2],"Question":[3],"Answering":[4],"(TKGQA)":[5],"aims":[6],"to":[7,30,42,54,63,78,91,107,130],"answer":[8],"temporal":[9,33,80,103,123,128,135],"questions":[10],"using":[11],"knowledge":[12],"from":[13],"Graphs":[16],"(TKGs).Existing":[17],"LLM-based":[18],"TKGQA":[19],"methods":[20],"typically":[21],"utilize":[22],"RAG-based":[23],"or":[24],"agent-based":[25],"paradigms,":[26],"yet":[27],"both":[28],"struggle":[29],"construct":[31,79],"reliable":[32],"evidence":[34,56,81,136],"chains.RAG-based":[35],"approaches":[36],"primarily":[37],"rely":[38],"on":[39,139,155],"semantic":[40],"retrieval":[41,90],"fetch":[43],"question-relevant":[44],"contexts":[45],"but":[46],"overlook":[47],"the":[48,114,121],"structural":[49,93],"dependencies":[50,94],"within":[51],"TKGs,":[52],"leading":[53],"broken":[55],"chains,":[57],"whereas":[58],"iterative":[59],"agents":[60],"are":[61,125],"prone":[62],"error":[64],"propagation":[65],"during":[66],"multi-step":[67],"reasoning.To":[68],"address":[69],"these":[70],"limitations,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"TECQA,":[74],"a":[75,101,133],"framework":[76],"designed":[77],"chains":[82],"for":[83],"LLM":[84],"reasoning.Firstly,":[85],"TECQA":[86,145],"employs":[87],"structure-guided":[88],"subgraph":[89],"capture":[92],"and":[95,141],"intermediate":[96],"reasoning":[97],"paths.Subsequently,":[98],"it":[99],"utilizes":[100],"k-nearest":[102],"neighbor":[104],"pruning":[105],"strategy":[106],"filter":[108],"irrelevant":[109],"noise":[110],"while":[111],"strictly":[112],"preserving":[113],"continuous":[115],"local":[116],"history":[117],"surrounding":[118],"critical":[119],"events.Finally,":[120],"retained":[122],"neighbors":[124],"serialized":[126],"by":[127,152],"proximity":[129],"explicitly":[131],"reconstruct":[132],"coherent":[134],"chain.Extensive":[137],"experiments":[138],"MultiTQ":[140],"CronQuestions":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"achieves":[146],"stateof-the-art":[147],"performance,":[148],"outperforming":[149],"strong":[150],"baselines":[151],"45.3%":[153],"particularly":[154],"complex":[156],"queries.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}
