{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166802017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31717","title":"Nonlinearity-Aware LoRA: Structured Gate Adaptation under Low-Rank Constraints","display_name":"Nonlinearity-Aware LoRA: Structured Gate Adaptation under Low-Rank Constraints","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166802017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.31717","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.31717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.31717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139772346","display_name":"Shuai Yuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology , Zhuhai ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology , Zhuhai ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137677509","display_name":"Sudong Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Sudong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139733087","display_name":"Bingzhi Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Bingzhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology , Zhuhai ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology , Zhuhai ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082636225","display_name":"Shuyuan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-5651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-5651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14314212","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Shuyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133936218","display_name":"Chuan Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14314212","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Chuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030272842","display_name":"Makoto Onizuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-8300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-8300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14314212","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onizuka, Makoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212","https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126208774","display_name":"Rui Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-5520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-5520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lora","display_name":"LoRa","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-rank-adaptation","display_name":"low-rank adaptation","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-efficient-fine-tuning","display_name":"parameter-efficient fine-tuning","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"transformer models","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-scaling","display_name":"step scaling","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model-fine-tuning","display_name":"language model fine-tuning","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.31717","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.31717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.31717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.31717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.31717","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.31717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166802017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166802017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117750794","https://openalex.org/W7083695589","https://openalex.org/W4403468014","https://openalex.org/W7166812815","https://openalex.org/W4385681736","https://openalex.org/W4417080423","https://openalex.org/W7214959537","https://openalex.org/W4404782139","https://openalex.org/W4417300696","https://openalex.org/W4402669923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-rank":[0],"adaptation":[1],"(LoRA)":[2],"is":[3,16,125,154],"commonly":[4],"viewed":[5],"as":[6,53],"an":[7,115],"update-space":[8],"approximation":[9],"to":[10,46,59,80],"full":[11],"fine-tuning,":[12],"yet":[13],"this":[14,51],"view":[15],"incomplete":[17],"for":[18,72,110],"self-gated":[19,65],"Transformer":[20],"feed-forward":[21],"networks.":[22],"In":[23],"gated":[24],"FFNs,":[25],"a":[26,69,99,106,120],"low-rank":[27,75],"residual":[28],"can":[29],"change":[30],"not":[31],"only":[32],"projected":[33],"features":[34],"but":[35],"also":[36],"the":[37,47,60,91],"nonlinear":[38,84],"selection":[39,54],"weights":[40],"that":[41,146],"determine":[42],"which":[43],"channels":[44,82],"contribute":[45],"output.":[48],"We":[49,96],"formalize":[50],"effect":[52],"misalignment":[55],"and":[56,88,114,132,141,153],"connect":[57],"it":[58],"local":[61],"effective":[62],"homogeneity":[63],"of":[64,94],"activations.":[66],"This":[67],"motivates":[68],"nonlinearity-aware":[70],"principle":[71],"parameter-efficient":[73],"fine-tuning:":[74],"updates":[76,113],"should":[77,89],"allocate":[78],"capacity":[79],"gate":[81],"whose":[83],"states":[85],"remain":[86],"responsive":[87],"shape":[90],"temporal":[92],"evolution":[93],"selection.":[95],"propose":[97],"NA-LoRA,":[98],"training-only":[100],"method":[101],"with":[102,156],"two":[103],"lightweight":[104],"mechanisms:":[105],"derivative-based":[107],"temporal-importance":[108],"mask":[109],"gate-related":[111],"LoRA":[112,152],"activation-specific":[116],"step-scaling":[117],"rule":[118],"when":[119],"meaningful":[121],"coarse":[122],"effective-homogeneity":[123],"partition":[124],"available.":[126],"NA-LoRA":[127,147],"adds":[128],"no":[129,134],"auxiliary":[130],"loss":[131],"incurs":[133],"inference-time":[135],"overhead.":[136],"Experiments":[137],"on":[138],"language-model":[139],"fine-tuning":[140],"vision-language":[142],"transfer":[143],"benchmarks":[144],"show":[145],"consistently":[148],"improves":[149],"over":[150],"vanilla":[151],"competitive":[155],"or":[157],"better":[158],"than":[159],"strong":[160],"PEFT":[161],"variants.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}