{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166728871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29138","title":"A Covariance-Aware Framework for Spatially Resolved Exoplanet Biosignature Inference with the Solar Gravitational Lens","display_name":"A Covariance-Aware Framework for Spatially Resolved Exoplanet Biosignature Inference with the Solar Gravitational Lens","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166728871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.29138","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29138","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.29138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.29138","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039807256","display_name":"Slava G. Turyshev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-9497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-9497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Turyshev, Slava G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena , CA 91109-0899 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena , CA 91109-0899 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039807256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.39890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-gravitational-lens","display_name":"solar gravitational lens","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoplanet-biosignatures","display_name":"exoplanet biosignatures","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosignature-detection","display_name":"biosignature detection","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoplanet-habitability","display_name":"exoplanet habitability","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163479331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44559","display_name":"Exoplanet","level":3,"score":0.8245000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138774019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201252","display_name":"Planetary surface","level":3,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539450922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544","display_name":"Solar System","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78168278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227269","display_name":"Data cube","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776481522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Orbiter","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91228026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048103","display_name":"Surface brightness","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130635790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60186","display_name":"Meteorite","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124967146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457898","display_name":"Spectral resolution","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58142911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3863","display_name":"Asteroid","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.29138","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29138","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.29138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.29138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.29138","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29138","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.29138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166728871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166728871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604884781","https://openalex.org/W2609216463","https://openalex.org/W2972186830","https://openalex.org/W3110772522","https://openalex.org/W3125077253","https://openalex.org/W4281791922","https://openalex.org/W4288696785","https://openalex.org/W4379106767","https://openalex.org/W4386463910","https://openalex.org/W7160623415","https://openalex.org/W7164892684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789241141","https://openalex.org/W7164892684","https://openalex.org/W4288696785","https://openalex.org/W2788783930","https://openalex.org/W2938102950","https://openalex.org/W4394660972","https://openalex.org/W4386463910","https://openalex.org/W7091448681","https://openalex.org/W4417267962","https://openalex.org/W7165219368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessing":[0],"possible":[1,214],"life":[2],"on":[3],"an":[4,143,175],"exoplanet":[5,211],"requires":[6],"spatial,":[7],"spectral,":[8],"temporal,":[9],"and":[10,42,47,55,65,74,139,161,166,199,205,213],"environmental":[11],"context.":[12],"We":[13],"develop":[14],"a":[15,167],"covariance-aware":[16],"Solar":[17],"Gravitational":[18],"Lens":[19],"(SGL)":[20],"framework":[21,195],"for":[22,106,142],"regional":[23,197],"biosignature":[24],"inference":[25],"from":[26,150,181],"reconstructed":[27],"Einstein-ring":[28],"measurements.":[29],"A":[30,129,171],"controlled":[31],"0.45-2.40":[32],"um":[33,132],"Stokes-$I$":[34],"experiment":[35],"uses":[36],"ten":[37],"illuminated":[38],"cells,":[39],"128":[40],"channels,":[41],"R=70":[43],"to":[44,92,183,202,209],"compare":[45],"resolved":[46],"exactly":[48],"projected":[49],"disk":[50,117],"spectra":[51],"with":[52],"common":[53],"parameters":[54],"priors.":[56],"Across":[57],"96":[58],"synthetic":[59],"scenes,":[60],"the":[61,112,121,127,188,191,203],"joint":[62],"gas,":[63],"vegetation,":[64],"mineral":[66],"block":[67],"gains":[68],"(1.52+/-0.03)":[69],"nats":[70],"after":[71],"marginalizing":[72],"cloud":[73],"calibration/response":[75],"parameters;":[76],"adding":[77],"independently":[78],"trained":[79],"surrogate-discrepancy":[80],"covariance":[81],"gives":[82],"(1.49+/-0.03)":[83],"nats.":[84],"Held-out":[85],"mismatch":[86],"nevertheless":[87],"produces":[88],"linearized":[89],"shifts":[90],"up":[91],"6.08":[93],"posterior":[94],"standard":[95],"deviations;":[96],"preserved":[97],"precision":[98],"does":[99],"not":[100],"establish":[101],"unbiased":[102],"recovery":[103],"or":[104],"evidence":[105],"life.":[107],"For":[108],"fixed":[109],"Gaussian":[110],"hypotheses,":[111],"expected":[113],"log-likelihood-ratio":[114],"loss":[115],"under":[116],"integration":[118],"equals":[119],"half":[120],"squared":[122],"whitened":[123],"contrast":[124],"discarded":[125],"by":[126],"projection.":[128],"separate":[130],"0.40-20":[131],"continuum":[133],"calculation":[134],"provides":[135],"absolute":[136],"photon":[137],"rates":[138],"observing-time":[140],"estimates":[141],"Earth-radius":[144],"planet":[145],"at":[146],"30":[147],"pc,":[148],"observed":[149],"650":[151],"AU.":[152],"It":[153],"includes":[154],"source-averaged":[155],"SGL":[156],"amplification,":[157],"finite-aperture":[158],"extraction,":[159],"coronal":[160],"host-star":[162],"photons,":[163],"detector":[164],"noise,":[165],"declared":[168],"calibration":[169],"floor.":[170],"reconstruction-covariance":[172],"bracket":[173],"reduces":[174],"8":[176,178],"x":[177],"coadd":[179],"gain":[180],"7.77":[182],"3.00,":[184],"costing":[185],"6.7":[186],"times":[187],"exposure":[189],"in":[190],"statistical-noise":[192],"limit.":[193],"The":[194],"connects":[196],"spectroscopy":[198],"co-location":[200],"tests":[201],"physical":[204],"instrumental":[206],"validation":[207],"needed":[208],"assess":[210],"biospheres":[212],"biological":[215],"activity.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}
