{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166706428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","title":"Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury","display_name":"Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166706428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61373/bm026i.0048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673467","display_name":"Brain medicine :","issn_l":"2997-2639","issn":["2997-2639","2997-2647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737223","display_name":"Ye Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-6031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-6031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-6031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102762729","display_name":"Yanlu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-3052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-3052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanlu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-3052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102913390","display_name":"Zheng Gang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-7723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-7723","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-9894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Gang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-7723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005508444","display_name":"Michael Chopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-4493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-4493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Chopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309","Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10176","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles","display_name":"extracellular vesicles","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-free-therapy","display_name":"cell-free therapy","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/msc-secretome","display_name":"MSC secretome","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiogenesis","display_name":"angiogenesis","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurogenesis","display_name":"neurogenesis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-delivery","display_name":"targeted delivery","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.7703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992929900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles","level":2,"score":0.7028999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840469","display_name":"Microvesicles","level":4,"score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.6305000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198826908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379","display_name":"Mesenchymal stem cell","level":2,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781261824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903634","display_name":"Exosome","level":5,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145059251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899","display_name":"microRNA","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10854531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061415","display_name":"Regenerative medicine","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908689518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicle","level":5,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16930687","display_name":"Therapeutic approach","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781458332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720026","display_name":"Brain damage","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64348767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3335079","display_name":"Neuroregeneration","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61373/bm026i.0048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673467","display_name":"Brain medicine :","issn_l":"2997-2639","issn":["2997-2639","2997-2647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61373/bm026i.0048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61373/bm026i.0048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404673467","display_name":"Brain medicine :","issn_l":"2997-2639","issn":["2997-2639","2997-2647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":198,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550049909","https://openalex.org/W1965434923","https://openalex.org/W1966279775","https://openalex.org/W1980654171","https://openalex.org/W1985557482","https://openalex.org/W1995316729","https://openalex.org/W2032114206","https://openalex.org/W2055424631","https://openalex.org/W2071115871","https://openalex.org/W2071425128","https://openalex.org/W2089738396","https://openalex.org/W2158752949","https://openalex.org/W2168120562","https://openalex.org/W2273372601","https://openalex.org/W2303481434","https://openalex.org/W2330004628","https://openalex.org/W2330581287","https://openalex.org/W2513598842","https://openalex.org/W2516428217","https://openalex.org/W2581268949","https://openalex.org/W2738491178","https://openalex.org/W2745137260","https://openalex.org/W2746710261","https://openalex.org/W2769961846","https://openalex.org/W2793117751","https://openalex.org/W2801941054","https://openalex.org/W2802295301","https://openalex.org/W2889542654","https://openalex.org/W2903755418","https://openalex.org/W2903921102","https://openalex.org/W2949615967","https://openalex.org/W2962176767","https://openalex.org/W2969779309","https://openalex.org/W2989415456","https://openalex.org/W2990737501","https://openalex.org/W2991486795","https://openalex.org/W2992824064","https://openalex.org/W2995856749","https://openalex.org/W3002731232","https://openalex.org/W3003960907","https://openalex.org/W3005104290","https://openalex.org/W3006194195","https://openalex.org/W3013884576","https://openalex.org/W3014489707","https://openalex.org/W3032643571","https://openalex.org/W3032970735","https://openalex.org/W3034971276","https://openalex.org/W3035355065","https://openalex.org/W3043490428","https://openalex.org/W3068025282","https://openalex.org/W3089031623","https://openalex.org/W3108226754","https://openalex.org/W3110076250","https://openalex.org/W3112446588","https://openalex.org/W3124868398","https://openalex.org/W3125094642","https://openalex.org/W3125259400","https://openalex.org/W3127801845","https://openalex.org/W3132110758","https://openalex.org/W3133322288","https://openalex.org/W3151562552","https://openalex.org/W3154091431","https://openalex.org/W3157365547","https://openalex.org/W3159535528","https://openalex.org/W3163310273","https://openalex.org/W3178457333","https://openalex.org/W3182303101","https://openalex.org/W3188331302","https://openalex.org/W3190182054","https://openalex.org/W3197713785","https://openalex.org/W3214563208","https://openalex.org/W3215490232","https://openalex.org/W4206564435","https://openalex.org/W4210378171","https://openalex.org/W4214734598","https://openalex.org/W4220758195","https://openalex.org/W4220850826","https://openalex.org/W4225508128","https://openalex.org/W4281648576","https://openalex.org/W4282969232","https://openalex.org/W4283645004","https://openalex.org/W4285246816","https://openalex.org/W4294253204","https://openalex.org/W4297983178","https://openalex.org/W4298091841","https://openalex.org/W4307635098","https://openalex.org/W4308433062","https://openalex.org/W4309369015","https://openalex.org/W4309462444","https://openalex.org/W4310676572","https://openalex.org/W4311498223","https://openalex.org/W4315649572","https://openalex.org/W4317214690","https://openalex.org/W4317734954","https://openalex.org/W4319599330","https://openalex.org/W4319821409","https://openalex.org/W4319983412","https://openalex.org/W4320710471","https://openalex.org/W4321095289","https://openalex.org/W4324020307","https://openalex.org/W4360811604","https://openalex.org/W4362659077","https://openalex.org/W4365791186","https://openalex.org/W4366463125","https://openalex.org/W4367595915","https://openalex.org/W4377103362","https://openalex.org/W4379232387","https://openalex.org/W4380577463","https://openalex.org/W4381885398","https://openalex.org/W4383224653","https://openalex.org/W4383873560","https://openalex.org/W4384276890","https://openalex.org/W4386305783","https://openalex.org/W4386387088","https://openalex.org/W4388109450","https://openalex.org/W4388834981","https://openalex.org/W4391077746","https://openalex.org/W4391146554","https://openalex.org/W4391649568","https://openalex.org/W4391820486","https://openalex.org/W4392015280","https://openalex.org/W4392510050","https://openalex.org/W4392966987","https://openalex.org/W4393164533","https://openalex.org/W4394765850","https://openalex.org/W4396763537","https://openalex.org/W4398224056","https://openalex.org/W4399699083","https://openalex.org/W4400483827","https://openalex.org/W4401102071","https://openalex.org/W4401858269","https://openalex.org/W4402147464","https://openalex.org/W4402356415","https://openalex.org/W4403144547","https://openalex.org/W4403217321","https://openalex.org/W4403362865","https://openalex.org/W4403470637","https://openalex.org/W4403561798","https://openalex.org/W4404199002","https://openalex.org/W4405649524","https://openalex.org/W4405795063","https://openalex.org/W4406003051","https://openalex.org/W4406709860","https://openalex.org/W4406925016","https://openalex.org/W4406939420","https://openalex.org/W4407157114","https://openalex.org/W4407857245","https://openalex.org/W4408575518","https://openalex.org/W4409023739","https://openalex.org/W4409282196","https://openalex.org/W4409371885","https://openalex.org/W4409624010","https://openalex.org/W4410049494","https://openalex.org/W4410552447","https://openalex.org/W4411049976","https://openalex.org/W4411419205","https://openalex.org/W4412140182","https://openalex.org/W4412419360","https://openalex.org/W4412631618","https://openalex.org/W4412656051","https://openalex.org/W4413117545","https://openalex.org/W4413311809","https://openalex.org/W4413390122","https://openalex.org/W4413430275","https://openalex.org/W4413802112","https://openalex.org/W4413973538","https://openalex.org/W4414528389","https://openalex.org/W4414561592","https://openalex.org/W4414659063","https://openalex.org/W4414706586","https://openalex.org/W4414724388","https://openalex.org/W4415010289","https://openalex.org/W4415047001","https://openalex.org/W4415289581","https://openalex.org/W4415507573","https://openalex.org/W4415658668","https://openalex.org/W4416247539","https://openalex.org/W4416377909","https://openalex.org/W4416757850","https://openalex.org/W4416775271","https://openalex.org/W4417114628","https://openalex.org/W4417515575","https://openalex.org/W7117366529","https://openalex.org/W7117617324","https://openalex.org/W7119188508","https://openalex.org/W7119483936","https://openalex.org/W7123816800","https://openalex.org/W7124157388","https://openalex.org/W7124310266","https://openalex.org/W7124530187","https://openalex.org/W7125915800","https://openalex.org/W7127997208","https://openalex.org/W7128198383","https://openalex.org/W7128443804","https://openalex.org/W7130923012","https://openalex.org/W7131071947","https://openalex.org/W7131632634","https://openalex.org/W7134129246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203616365","https://openalex.org/W4365791186","https://openalex.org/W4322496481","https://openalex.org/W7119715626","https://openalex.org/W4416976823","https://openalex.org/W4407183475","https://openalex.org/W4214830887","https://openalex.org/W7164547169","https://openalex.org/W4380154333","https://openalex.org/W4406003051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traumatic":[0],"brain":[1,162],"injury":[2],"(TBI)":[3],"is":[4,22],"a":[5,26,178],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,46,144,148,153,173,199],"death":[9],"and":[10,36,50,74,99,109,124,129,132,150,163,208],"long-term":[11],"neurological":[12],"disability":[13],"worldwide.":[14],"Beyond":[15],"the":[16,43,52,141,145,151,160,170,196],"initial":[17],"sudden":[18],"mechanical":[19],"insult,":[20],"TBI":[21,69,149],"increasingly":[23],"recognized":[24],"as":[25,64,193,195],"chronic,":[27],"multisystem":[28],"disorder":[29],"involving":[30],"complex":[31],"interactions":[32],"among":[33],"neurovascular,":[34],"immune,":[35],"metabolic":[37],"responses.":[38],"This":[39,138],"perspective":[40],"helps":[41],"explain":[42],"limited":[44],"success":[45],"single-target":[47],"neuroprotective":[48],"therapies":[49],"underscores":[51],"need":[53],"for":[54,68],"multimodal":[55],"regenerative":[56,191],"strategies.":[57],"Mesenchymal":[58],"stromal/stem":[59],"cells":[60],"(MSCs)":[61],"have":[62],"emerged":[63],"promising":[65],"therapeutic":[66,188],"candidates":[67],"due":[70],"to":[71],"their":[72,82,102],"immunomodulatory":[73],"reparative":[75],"properties,":[76],"which":[77,105],"are":[78],"largely":[79],"mediated":[80],"by":[81],"secretome,":[83],"particularly":[84],"MSC-derived":[85],"extracellular":[86],"vesicles":[87,91],"(MSC-EVs).":[88],"These":[89],"nanoscale":[90],"carry":[92],"selectively":[93],"packaged":[94],"nucleic":[95],"acids,":[96],"proteins,":[97],"metabolites,":[98],"lipids":[100],"from":[101],"parent":[103],"cells,":[104],"mediate":[106],"intercellular":[107],"communication":[108],"induce":[110],"repair":[111],"pathways":[112],"in":[113,156,166,175,204],"recipient":[114],"cells.":[115],"Accumulating":[116],"evidence":[117],"indicates":[118],"that":[119,213],"MSC-EVs":[120,174],"can":[121],"reduce":[122],"apoptosis":[123],"inflammation,":[125],"promote":[126],"angiogenesis,":[127],"neurogenesis,":[128],"synaptic":[130],"plasticity,":[131],"improve":[133],"functional":[134],"recovery":[135],"following":[136],"TBI.":[137],"review":[139],"examines":[140],"current":[142],"understanding":[143],"multiscale":[146],"pathophysiology":[147],"role":[152,198],"brain-derived":[154],"EVs":[155],"mediating":[157],"crosstalk":[158],"between":[159],"injured":[161],"peripheral":[164],"systems":[165],"post-TBI":[167],"multiorgan":[168],"dysfunction,":[169],"translational":[171],"potential":[172],"TBI,":[176],"with":[177],"focus":[179],"on":[180],"EV":[181],"cargo":[182],"engineering,":[183],"targeted":[184],"delivery":[185],"mechanisms,":[186],"emerging":[187],"strategies,":[189,192],"combinatorial":[190],"well":[194],"growing":[197],"artificial":[200],"intelligence":[201],"(AI)-assisted":[202],"bioengineering":[203],"optimizing":[205],"EV-based":[206],"therapeutics,":[207],"considers":[209],"future":[210],"research":[211],"directions":[212],"may":[214],"facilitate":[215],"clinical":[216],"translation.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}
