{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166706319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","title":"Globular cluster formation with multiple stellar populations: A comprehensive overview of a star-cloud interaction scenario","display_name":"Globular cluster formation with multiple stellar populations: A comprehensive overview of a star-cloud interaction scenario","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166706319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073753592","display_name":"Kenji Bekki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-4726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-4726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160376","display_name":"International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd1pp77","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I205640436","https://openalex.org/I4210160376"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Bekki","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICRAR M468 The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley Western Australia 6009 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICRAR M468 The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley Western Australia 6009 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4210160376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070250639","display_name":"Madeleine McKenzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-1257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-1257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124388","display_name":"Carnegie Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/03h4zjr91","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621","https://openalex.org/I4210124388"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621","https://openalex.org/I4210124388"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"apc_paid":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"fwci":1.6423,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86348932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globular-cluster-formation","display_name":"globular cluster formation","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-stellar-populations","display_name":"multiple stellar populations","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-molecular-clouds","display_name":"giant molecular clouds","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptotic-giant-branch-stars","display_name":"asymptotic giant branch stars","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-abundances","display_name":"chemical abundances","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotope-correlation","display_name":"isotope correlation","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"lithium","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-agb-stars","display_name":"super-AGB stars","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwarf-galaxy-mergers","display_name":"dwarf galaxy mergers","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-massive-star-clusters","display_name":"young massive star clusters","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/13c-12c-ratio","display_name":"13C/12C ratio","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113461152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11276","display_name":"Globular cluster","level":3,"score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8313000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.7694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.6202999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48393594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168845","display_name":"Star cluster","level":3,"score":0.6074000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181313176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50089","display_name":"Asymptotic giant branch","level":3,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86021447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272447","display_name":"Molecular cloud","level":3,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37119246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190438","display_name":"Dwarf galaxy","level":3,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929897","display_name":"Red-giant branch","level":4,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110472602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472","display_name":"Stellar evolution","level":3,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776026716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50081","display_name":"Red giant","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85837739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5875","display_name":"Giant star","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3944","display_name":"Local Group","level":4,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170886286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748327","display_name":"Stellar collision","level":4,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.29707","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29707","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.29707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.29707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.29707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G433322167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NAS5- 26555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","funder_display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G58316358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NAS 526555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6273510985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"26555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","funder_display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320973","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322858","display_name":"State Government of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/02xvc5r05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166706319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166706319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7143526721","https://openalex.org/W7155038764","https://openalex.org/W7164014190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308268245","https://openalex.org/W3097145793","https://openalex.org/W2476900471","https://openalex.org/W2162388374","https://openalex.org/W2115104302","https://openalex.org/W4415317731","https://openalex.org/W2021521553","https://openalex.org/W1862756473","https://openalex.org/W3123679049","https://openalex.org/W2603147405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,199],"present":[2],"a":[3,149,188,224],"new":[4],"scenario":[5,156,228],"for":[6],"globular":[7],"cluster":[8],"(GC)":[9],"formation":[10,227],"with":[11,194,211],"multiple":[12,176,212],"stellar":[13,177,213],"populations,":[14,178,214],"in":[15,127,185],"which":[16,128],"both":[17],"the":[18,50,59,63,76,118,129,218],"first":[19],"and":[20,24,52,66,73,79,82,84,110,179,191,197],"second":[21],"populations":[22],"(1P":[23],"2P)":[25],"form":[26,138],"from":[27,145],"growing":[28],"giant":[29,37],"molecular":[30],"clouds":[31],"(GMCs)":[32],"polluted":[33],"by":[34],"surrounding":[35],"asymptotic":[36],"branch":[38],"(AGB)":[39],"stars.":[40],"Unlike":[41],"previous":[42],"AGB-polluter":[43],"scenarios,":[44],"this":[45],"star-cloud":[46],"interaction":[47],"framework":[48],"alleviates":[49],"mass-budget":[51],"dilution-timing":[53],"problems.":[54],"Idealised":[55],"analytic":[56],"models":[57,126],"reproduce":[58,75],"observed":[60,207],"dependence":[61,104],"of":[62,105,117,141,209,217],"1P":[64],"fraction":[65],"helium":[67],"abundance":[68],"spread":[69],"on":[70,108],"GC":[71,226],"mass,":[72],"qualitatively":[74],"Na-O,":[77],"C-N,":[78],"Mg-Al":[80],"anticorrelations":[81],"Si-Al":[83],"Mg-isotope":[85],"correlations.":[86],"The":[87,102,155],"Mg-K":[88],"anticorrelation":[89],"can":[90,137],"be":[91],"reproduced":[92,113],"only":[93],"if":[94],"super-AGB":[95],"stars":[96,121,193],"contribute":[97],"significantly":[98],"to":[99,174,229],"GMC":[100],"enrichment.":[101],"weak":[103],"Li":[106],"abundances":[107],"[Na/Fe]":[109],"[Al/Fe]":[111],"is":[112],"when":[114],"about":[115],"20%":[116],"polluting":[119],"AGB":[120],"produce":[122,132],"Li-rich":[123],"ejecta,":[124],"disfavouring":[125],"polluters":[130],"cannot":[131],"Li.":[133],"Iron-complex":[134],"Type-II":[135],"GCs":[136,143,210],"through":[139],"mergers":[140],"two":[142],"born":[144],"separate":[146],"GMCs":[147],"within":[148],"dwarf":[150],"galaxy":[151],"at":[152,163],"different":[153],"epochs.":[154],"implies":[157],"that":[158],"young":[159],"massive":[160],"clusters":[161],"formed":[162],"surface":[164],"star-formation-rate":[165],"densities":[166],"well":[167],"below":[168],"1M\u2299":[169],"yr\u22121":[170],"kpc\u22122":[171],"are":[172],"unlikely":[173],"develop":[175],"predicts":[180],"low":[181],"12C/13C":[182],"ratios":[183],"(\u22485)":[184],"2P":[186],"stars,":[187],"[Na/Fe]-[F/Fe]":[189],"anticorrelation,":[190],"P-rich":[192],"[P/Fe]":[195],">0.5":[196],"[N/Fe]>0.5.":[198],"test":[200],"these":[201],"predictions":[202],"against":[203,223],"more":[204],"than":[205],"30":[206],"properties":[208],"representing":[215],"one":[216],"most":[219],"comprehensive":[220],"observational":[221],"benchmarks":[222],"specific":[225],"date.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}
