{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166456342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","title":"Optimization of diesel engine performance and emissions using ternary blends of waste-derived fuels: An RSM approach","display_name":"Optimization of diesel engine performance and emissions using ternary blends of waste-derived fuels: An RSM approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166456342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101595609","display_name":"Amit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125057","display_name":"Vivekananda Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/038mz4r36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125057"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 303012"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 303012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091398852","display_name":"J Prabhakaran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8778637","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Srinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfwvw54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Prabhakaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuel Laboratory, NIT Srinagar, J&K, India 190006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuel Laboratory, NIT Srinagar, J&K, India 190006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005384821","display_name":"Harveer Singh Pali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-0327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-0327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8778637","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Srinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfwvw54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harveer Singh Pali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuel Laboratory, NIT Srinagar, J&K, India 190006"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuel Laboratory, NIT Srinagar, J&K, India 190006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068958941","display_name":"Rahul Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-4020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-4020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73779912","display_name":"Manipal University Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/040h76494","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-4020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068958941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"],"apc_list":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"apc_paid":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"111738","last_page":"111738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-fuel-blends","display_name":"ternary fuel blends","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-plastic-oil","display_name":"waste plastic oil","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-cooking-oil-biodiesel","display_name":"waste cooking oil biodiesel","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al2o3-nanoparticles","display_name":"Al2O3 nanoparticles","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-engine-performance","display_name":"diesel engine performance","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake-thermal-efficiency","display_name":"brake thermal efficiency","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-characteristics","display_name":"combustion characteristics","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-to-energy","display_name":"waste-to-energy","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-fuel-additives","display_name":"nanoparticle fuel additives","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-timing","display_name":"injection timing","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-ratio","display_name":"compression ratio","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-replacement","display_name":"diesel replacement","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50406533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104","display_name":"Thermal efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25797200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828137","display_name":"Compression ratio","level":3,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159063594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q248382","display_name":"Ignition system","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132927557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230094","display_name":"Carbureted compression ignition model engine","level":5,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96949565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5606882","display_name":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition","level":4,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130751788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622772","display_name":"Incineration","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91337280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795410","display_name":"Naturally aspirated engine","level":4,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W939086843","https://openalex.org/W1969190743","https://openalex.org/W1977222334","https://openalex.org/W2045157064","https://openalex.org/W2051570116","https://openalex.org/W2054261972","https://openalex.org/W2056905967","https://openalex.org/W2058543692","https://openalex.org/W2073105121","https://openalex.org/W2077951706","https://openalex.org/W2102839610","https://openalex.org/W2228673470","https://openalex.org/W2290576106","https://openalex.org/W2510628553","https://openalex.org/W2531685019","https://openalex.org/W2556144411","https://openalex.org/W2612510703","https://openalex.org/W2616070432","https://openalex.org/W2791500848","https://openalex.org/W2797878545","https://openalex.org/W2889050901","https://openalex.org/W2907159581","https://openalex.org/W2913879272","https://openalex.org/W2943872942","https://openalex.org/W2963244052","https://openalex.org/W2968648313","https://openalex.org/W2971568224","https://openalex.org/W2991574054","https://openalex.org/W3000965523","https://openalex.org/W3008654781","https://openalex.org/W3039216425","https://openalex.org/W3159809540","https://openalex.org/W3209672659","https://openalex.org/W4200495484","https://openalex.org/W4213417146","https://openalex.org/W4220854591","https://openalex.org/W4223578837","https://openalex.org/W4226424863","https://openalex.org/W4280508435","https://openalex.org/W4283331727","https://openalex.org/W4323362804","https://openalex.org/W4327571593","https://openalex.org/W4376612967","https://openalex.org/W4386701063","https://openalex.org/W4387190533","https://openalex.org/W4389298089","https://openalex.org/W4389719642","https://openalex.org/W4392382765","https://openalex.org/W4398775554","https://openalex.org/W4402629673","https://openalex.org/W4408564396","https://openalex.org/W4412437959","https://openalex.org/W4413802372","https://openalex.org/W7083000087","https://openalex.org/W7092369015","https://openalex.org/W7130513760","https://openalex.org/W7161266643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172497603","https://openalex.org/W4401991307","https://openalex.org/W4415070152","https://openalex.org/W7119512298","https://openalex.org/W3211830120","https://openalex.org/W4406806129","https://openalex.org/W7215944780","https://openalex.org/W4308260847","https://openalex.org/W4376868536","https://openalex.org/W7124932557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,113,132,178],"raising":[1],"generation":[2],"of":[3,21,34,61,68,143,148,166,185],"waste":[4,7,39,43,212],"plastics":[5],"and":[6,31,48,108,129,145,157,210,224],"cooking":[8,44],"oil,":[9],"along":[10],"with":[11,51,139,170],"the":[12,19,28,66,164,167],"rising":[13],"demand":[14],"for":[15,175,202,213],"sustainable":[16],"energy,":[17],"needs":[18],"growth":[20],"effective":[22],"waste-to-energy":[23],"solutions.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"investigates":[27],"performance,":[29],"combustion,":[30],"emission":[32],"characteristics":[33],"ternary":[35,71],"fuel":[36,72],"blends":[37,73],"comprising":[38],"plastic":[40],"oil":[41,45],"(WPO),":[42],"biodiesel":[46],"(WCOB),":[47],"diesel,":[49],"enhanced":[50],"Al\u2082O\u2083":[52,100],"nanoparticles":[53],"in":[54,65,218],"a":[55,140],"compression":[56,105],"ignition":[57],"engine.":[58],"novelty":[60],"this":[62],"work":[63],"lies":[64],"optimization":[67],"nanoparticle-assisted":[69],"waste-derived":[70,192],"under":[74,215],"varying":[75],"engine":[76,196],"operating":[77],"conditions":[78,217],"using":[79,203],"Response":[80],"Surface":[81],"Methodology":[82],"(RSM).":[83],"A":[84],"Central":[85],"Composite":[86],"Rotatable":[87],"Design":[88],"(CCRD)":[89],"was":[90],"employed":[91],"to":[92,118,183,206],"optimize":[93],"four":[94],"key":[95],"parameters:":[96],"WCOB":[97],"concentration":[98,102],"(0\u201340%),":[99],"nanoparticle":[101],"(0\u2013100":[103],"ppm),":[104,153,156],"ratio":[106],"(16\u201320),":[107],"injection":[109],"timing":[110],"(17\u201325\u00b0":[111],"bTDC).":[112],"developed":[114,168],"models":[115],"were":[116],"used":[117],"evaluate":[119],"brake":[120],"thermal":[121],"efficiency":[122],"(BTE),":[123],"brake-specific":[124],"energy":[125,214],"consumption,":[126],"combustion":[127],"characteristics,":[128],"exhaust":[130],"emissions.":[131],"optimized":[133,216],"blend,":[134],"B20WPO20D60NP50,":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"superior":[137],"performance":[138],"maximum":[141],"BTE":[142],"30.3%":[144],"reduced":[146],"emissions":[147],"CO":[149],"(0.058%),":[150],"HC":[151],"(26":[152],"NOx":[154],"(406":[155],"smoke":[158],"opacity":[159],"(31%).":[160],"Statistical":[161],"analysis":[162],"confirmed":[163],"adequacy":[165],"models,":[169],"R\u00b2":[171],"values":[172],"exceeding":[173],"95%":[174],"all":[176],"responses.":[177],"findings":[179],"indicate":[180],"that":[181],"up":[182],"40%":[184],"conventional":[186],"diesel":[187],"can":[188],"be":[189],"replaced":[190],"by":[191],"fuels":[193],"without":[194],"compromising":[195],"performance.":[197],"There":[198],"is":[199],"promising":[200],"potential":[201],"laboratory-scale":[204],"methods":[205],"partially":[207],"substitute":[208],"petro-diesel":[209],"utilize":[211],"CI":[219],"engines.":[220],"However,":[221],"more":[222],"lifecycle":[223],"techno-economic":[225],"evaluations":[226],"are":[227],"needed":[228],"before":[229],"large-scale":[230],"implementation.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-06-29T00:00:00"}