{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166348351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","title":"NeuroRehab-Sim: A Multi-Scale Simulation Testbed for Closed-Loop Stroke-Rehabilitation Brain-Computer Interfaces","display_name":"NeuroRehab-Sim: A Multi-Scale Simulation Testbed for Closed-Loop Stroke-Rehabilitation Brain-Computer Interfaces","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166348351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20958667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139487525","display_name":"Amir Aghili, Amir, A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5530-4144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5530-4144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134732","display_name":"\"National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology\" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","ror":"https://ror.org/03mgprp21","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139692","display_name":"\"VNIINM\" named after AA Bochvar","ror":"https://ror.org/03x68sb69","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158820","display_name":"'s Heeren Loo","ror":"https://ror.org/05mf3wf75","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152622","display_name":"(ISC)\u00b2","ror":"https://ror.org/006f2dx14","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152622"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259341","display_name":"01.AI (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/023g5ws63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259341"]}],"countries":["CN","NL","RU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Aghili, Amir, A","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher in Computational Neuroscience, NeuroAI, Brain\u2013Computer Interfaces, and Neurotechnology","\"National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology\" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","\"VNIINM\" named after AA Bochvar","'s Heeren Loo","(Epi)g\u00e9nomique fonctionnelle m\u00e9tabolique et des dysfonctions dans le diab\u00e8te de type 2 et des maladies associ\u00e9es","(ISC)\u00b2","01.AI (China)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5530-4144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher in Computational Neuroscience, NeuroAI, Brain\u2013Computer Interfaces, and Neurotechnology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology\" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\"VNIINM\" named after AA Bochvar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"'s Heeren Loo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158820"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Epi)g\u00e9nomique fonctionnelle m\u00e9tabolique et des dysfonctions dans le diab\u00e8te de type 2 et des maladies associ\u00e9es","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(ISC)\u00b2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152622"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"01.AI (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139487525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134732","https://openalex.org/I4210139692","https://openalex.org/I4210158820","https://openalex.org/I4387152622","https://openalex.org/I4405259341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.06210000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-rehabilitation","display_name":"stroke rehabilitation","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-computer-interface","display_name":"brain-computer interface","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-stimulation","display_name":"closed-loop stimulation","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-testbed","display_name":"simulation testbed","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-mass-model","display_name":"neural mass model","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-networks","display_name":"spiking neural networks","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-timing-dependent-plasticity","display_name":"spike-timing-dependent plasticity","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeostatic-regulation","display_name":"homeostatic regulation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocorticography","display_name":"electrocorticography","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"EEG","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"functional electrical stimulation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial direct current stimulation","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-placement","display_name":"electrode placement","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learned-nonuse","display_name":"learned nonuse","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7950999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45730000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3504403","display_name":"Modular neural network","level":4,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168451700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306528","display_name":"Neural engineering","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40743351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002049","display_name":"Neural decoding","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205427263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931480","display_name":"Neuroinformatics","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992114214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7684805","display_name":"Finger tapping","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20958667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20958668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20958667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20958667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623130588","https://openalex.org/W4413181756","https://openalex.org/W84803344","https://openalex.org/W7163156139","https://openalex.org/W6885119577","https://openalex.org/W4409785749","https://openalex.org/W4409491119","https://openalex.org/W2008832031","https://openalex.org/W2135802343","https://openalex.org/W3175887681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stroke":[0],"is":[1,84,109,120,169,309,376],"the":[2,45,96,126,137,230,285,288,327,334,365,383],"leading":[3],"cause":[4],"of":[5,183,364],"long-term":[6],"motor":[7,42,185,200],"disability":[8],"worldwide,":[9],"and":[10,41,52,67,75,95,106,132,150,209,225,264,279,300,338,360,375],"brain-computer":[11],"interfaces":[12],"(BCIs)":[13],"have":[14],"emerged":[15],"as":[16,378],"a":[17,48,110,121,157,180,218,239,248,266,280,310,322,379],"promising":[18],"tool":[19],"for":[20,57,191],"neurorehabilitation":[21],"\u2014":[22,161,187,291],"using":[23],"decoded":[24],"neural":[25,68,134,188,197,262],"signals":[26,135,228],"to":[27,78,298,355],"drive":[28],"functional":[29],"electrical":[30],"stimulation,":[31],"robotic":[32],"orthoses,":[33],"or":[34,89],"visual":[35],"feedback":[36],"that":[37,71,101,115,124,202,221,258],"promotes":[38],"cortical":[39,277],"plasticity":[40,205],"recovery.":[43],"Yet":[44],"field":[46],"faces":[47],"fundamental":[49],"bottleneck:":[50],"developing":[51],"validating":[53],"closed-loop":[54,158,241,362],"BCI":[55,159,242],"systems":[56,216],"stroke":[58,93,99,357],"rehabilitation":[59],"requires":[60],"iterating":[61],"on":[62],"stimulation":[63,154,269,301,367],"policies,":[64],"decoder":[65,353],"designs,":[66],"interface":[69],"configurations":[70],"are":[72,104],"expensive,":[73],"slow,":[74],"ethically":[76],"constrained":[77],"test":[79],"in":[80,156,163,199],"human":[81,167],"patients.":[82],"There":[83],"no":[85],"public":[86,144,356,372],"invasive":[87,131],"(ECoG":[88],"sEEG)":[90],"recording":[91],"from":[92,136,229,341],"patients,":[94],"non-invasive":[97,133],"(EEG)":[98],"datasets":[100,373],"do":[102],"exist":[103],"small":[105],"task-limited.":[107],"NeuroRehab-Sim":[108],"proposed":[111],"open-source":[112,312],"simulation":[113],"testbed":[114,172,286,328],"addresses":[116],"this":[117],"bottleneck.":[118],"It":[119],"computational":[122],"platform":[123,313],"models":[125,190,287],"post-stroke":[127,184,261],"brain,":[128],"generates":[129,222],"realistic":[130,223,260],"same":[138,231],"underlying":[139],"brain":[140,178,232],"state,":[141],"augments":[142],"scarce":[143],"data":[145,168],"with":[146,195,271],"mechanistically-grounded":[147],"synthetic":[148],"signals,":[149,263],"trains":[151],"reinforcement-learning":[152],"(RL)":[153],"controllers":[155],"architecture":[160],"all":[162],"silico,":[164],"before":[165],"any":[166],"needed.":[170],"The":[171,307,369],"integrates":[173],"four":[174],"disciplines:":[175],"\u00b7":[176,214,244,283],"Computational":[177],"modeling:":[179],"multi-scale":[181],"model":[182,220],"cortex":[186],"mass":[189],"whole-cortex":[192],"dynamics":[193,337],"coupled":[194],"spiking":[196],"networks":[198],"areas":[201],"implement":[203],"synaptic":[204],"(STDP,":[206],"homeostatic":[207],"regulation)":[208],"produce":[210],"emergent":[211],"recovery":[212,336],"dynamics.":[213],"Neural":[215],"engineering:":[217],"forward":[219],"ECoG":[224],"EEG":[226,358],"sensor":[227],"state":[233],"via":[234],"biophysical":[235],"lead-field":[236],"models,":[237],"plus":[238,321],"modular":[240],"architecture.":[243],"Artificial":[245],"intelligence:":[246],"(1)":[247,333],"hybrid":[249],"generative":[250],"augmentation":[251],"pipeline":[252],"(mechanistic":[253],"skeleton":[254],"+":[255,276,318],"learned":[256],"refiner)":[257],"synthesizes":[259],"(2)":[265,348],"model-based":[267],"RL":[268,366],"controller":[270],"multi-channel":[272],"actions":[273],"(peripheral":[274],"FES":[275],"tDCS)":[278],"multi-objective":[281],"reward.":[282],"Neurosurgery:":[284],"surgical":[289,305],"context":[290],"electrode":[292],"placement":[293],"geometry,":[294],"lesion":[295],"parameters":[296],"tied":[297],"neuroanatomy,":[299],"targets":[302],"informed":[303],"by":[304,352],"accessibility.":[306],"deliverable":[308],"documented":[311],"(dual":[314],"compute:":[315],"laptop":[316],"tutorials":[317],"cluster":[319],"research)":[320],"three-phase":[323],"validation":[324],"study":[325],"demonstrating":[326],"reproduces":[329],"known":[330],"stroke-BCI":[331],"findings:":[332],"bistable":[335],"learned-nonuse":[339],"threshold":[340],"Norman,":[342],"Wolpaw":[343],"&":[344],"Reinkensmeyer":[345],"[1,":[346],"2],":[347],"signal":[349],"realism":[350],"validated":[351],"transfer":[354],"datasets,":[359],"(3)":[361],"efficacy":[363],"policy.":[368],"project":[370],"uses":[371],"only":[374],"scoped":[377],"methods/infrastructure":[380],"contribution":[381],"serving":[382],"whole":[384],"field.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
