{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166345591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","title":"The Role of Chemical Sensors, Microfluidics, and Analytical Microsystems in Future Mars Exploration","display_name":"The Role of Chemical Sensors, Microfluidics, and Analytical Microsystems in Future Mars Exploration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166345591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15311074261464023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008538886","display_name":"Samuel P. Kounaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-4831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-4831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel P. Kounaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-4831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028361635","display_name":"Antonio J. Ricco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-4984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-4984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio J. Ricco","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008538886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53270544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1_suppl","first_page":"94S","last_page":"101S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-exploration","display_name":"Mars exploration","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-sensors","display_name":"chemical sensors","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"microfluidics","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenix-mars-lander","display_name":"Phoenix Mars Lander","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viking-mission","display_name":"Viking mission","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perchlorate","display_name":"perchlorate","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-habitability","display_name":"Mars habitability","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-life-detection","display_name":"microbial life detection","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-sensor","display_name":"electrochemical sensor","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-science-instrumentation","display_name":"planetary science instrumentation","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsensors","display_name":"microsensors","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.8492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778600265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913850","display_name":"Martian","level":3,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.7523000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779167034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27685","display_name":"Phoenix","level":3,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6774740","display_name":"Martian surface","level":4,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68702407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716774","display_name":"Exploration of Mars","level":3,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45095769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218860","display_name":"Atmosphere of Mars","level":4,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78949437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773188","display_name":"Mars landing","level":4,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776481522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Orbiter","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778172956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601319","display_name":"Life on Mars","level":4,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207520454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099911","display_name":"Scientific instrument","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151054161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379385","display_name":"Microsystem","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84795859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984134","display_name":"Life support system","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138774019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201252","display_name":"Planetary surface","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005118","descriptor_name":"Extraterrestrial Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005118","descriptor_name":"Extraterrestrial Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005118","descriptor_name":"Extraterrestrial Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018535","descriptor_name":"Mars","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018535","descriptor_name":"Mars","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018535","descriptor_name":"Mars","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15311074261464023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074261464023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42363753","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486081955","https://openalex.org/W1490735752","https://openalex.org/W1568115473","https://openalex.org/W1568437488","https://openalex.org/W1604995501","https://openalex.org/W1661939691","https://openalex.org/W1820629879","https://openalex.org/W1886232514","https://openalex.org/W1966386117","https://openalex.org/W1970425118","https://openalex.org/W1975994497","https://openalex.org/W1984997397","https://openalex.org/W1988999875","https://openalex.org/W2001998632","https://openalex.org/W2023706703","https://openalex.org/W2035673064","https://openalex.org/W2037690563","https://openalex.org/W2038674729","https://openalex.org/W2040971253","https://openalex.org/W2042434711","https://openalex.org/W2061420699","https://openalex.org/W2061630512","https://openalex.org/W2071473193","https://openalex.org/W2077222835","https://openalex.org/W2090934532","https://openalex.org/W2114853176","https://openalex.org/W2125258598","https://openalex.org/W2127829124","https://openalex.org/W2131107714","https://openalex.org/W2137178805","https://openalex.org/W2139712155","https://openalex.org/W2152693230","https://openalex.org/W2159876814","https://openalex.org/W2167795289","https://openalex.org/W2168525970","https://openalex.org/W2195707017","https://openalex.org/W2738005120","https://openalex.org/W2805049645","https://openalex.org/W2898604965","https://openalex.org/W2918381484","https://openalex.org/W2921202055","https://openalex.org/W3021703036","https://openalex.org/W3110256918","https://openalex.org/W4206077807","https://openalex.org/W4213047512","https://openalex.org/W4309822001","https://openalex.org/W4377966419","https://openalex.org/W4389802497","https://openalex.org/W4415214447"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Viking":[1],"Mars":[2,26,92],"mission":[3],"raised":[4],"intriguing":[5],"questions":[6],"about":[7],"Mars'":[8,51],"surface":[9,174],"chemistry.":[10],"More":[11],"than":[12],"three":[13],"decades":[14],"later,":[15],"an":[16],"array":[17],"of":[18,73,85,91],"small":[19,156],"electrochemical":[20],"sensors":[21,87],"included":[22],"on":[23,76,175],"the":[24,45,71,77,83,89,103,172],"Phoenix":[25,101],"lander":[27],"provided":[28],"a":[29,63,94],"key":[30],"insight:":[31],"Perchlorate,":[32],"chlorine's":[33],"most":[34],"highly":[35],"oxidized":[36],"form,":[37],"was":[38],"present":[39,104],"at":[40],"surprisingly":[41],"high":[42],"concentrations":[43],"in":[44,88,111],"regolith.":[46],"This":[47],"has":[48],"implications":[49],"for":[50,158],"geochemistry,":[52],"habitability,":[53],"potential":[54],"to":[55,102,120,129,134,144,171],"support":[56,135],"microbial":[57],"life,":[58],"and":[59,93,106,132,138,161,180],"human":[60],"exploration;":[61],"as":[62],"strong":[64],"oxidant,":[65],"it":[66],"might":[67],"also":[68],"help":[69],"explain":[70],"destruction":[72],"organic":[74],"compounds":[75],"martian":[78,173],"surface.":[79],"Here,":[80],"we":[81],"examine":[82],"role":[84],"chemical":[86],"exploration":[90],"critical":[95],"allied":[96],"enabling":[97],"technology,":[98],"microfluidics,":[99],"from":[100,116],"day":[105],"beyond.":[107],"Enormous":[108],"technological":[109],"advances":[110,141],"microtechnologies,":[112],"targeting":[113],"terrestrial":[114],"applications":[115],"everyday":[117],"consumer":[118],"electronics":[119],"wearable":[121],"medical":[122],"diagnostic":[123],"devices,":[124],"are":[125,142],"just":[126],"now":[127],"beginning":[128],"be":[130,149],"adapted":[131],"harnessed":[133],"planetary":[136],"science":[137],"discovery.":[139],"These":[140],"poised":[143],"revolutionize":[145],"how":[146],"much":[147],"can":[148],"learned":[150],"using":[151],"robust":[152],"systems":[153],"with":[154,166],"unimaginably":[155],"requirements":[157],"size,":[159],"weight,":[160],"power,":[162],"making":[163],"them":[164],"compatible":[165],"small,":[167],"potentially":[168],"lower-cost":[169],"delivery":[170],"hard":[176],"landers,":[177],"impactors,":[178],"penetrators,":[179],"even":[181],"rotorcraft.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}