{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166341006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","title":"Maternal cesarean section and offspring ASD or ADHD risk: a Nurses' Health Study II analysis","display_name":"Maternal cesarean section and offspring ASD or ADHD risk: a Nurses' Health Study II analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166341006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363613","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13733525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/aje/kwag150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170967050","display_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0002-9262","issn":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733525/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073182342","display_name":"Jingyuan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-0833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-0833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-0833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045218770","display_name":"Hayon Michelle Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-8554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-8554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayon Michelle Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051943021","display_name":"Gyeyoon Yim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyeyoon Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059262783","display_name":"Tormod Rogne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-7384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-7384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tormod Rogne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo , Oslo ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-7384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043021264","display_name":"Andrew Thomas DeWan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-8704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-8704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T DeWan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-8704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075236631","display_name":"Jorge E. Chavarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-9630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-9630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge E Chavarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-9630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086410623","display_name":"Marc G. Weisskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc G Weisskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018209432","display_name":"Zeyan Liew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-7869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-7869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyan Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-7869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4856,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4856},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42198135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"195","issue":"11","first_page":"2814","last_page":"2821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.10819999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-of-delivery","display_name":"mode of delivery","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offspring-neurodevelopment","display_name":"offspring neurodevelopment","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sibling-comparison","display_name":"sibling comparison","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses-health-study-ii","display_name":"Nurses' Health Study II","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.632099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31184","display_name":"Sibling","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020128735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228036","display_name":"Cesarean delivery","level":3,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57520943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068155","display_name":"Sex ratio","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067877","descriptor_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067877","descriptor_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002585","descriptor_name":"Cesarean Section","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/aje/kwag150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170967050","display_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0002-9262","issn":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42363613","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13733525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733525/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Epidemiol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13733525","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733525/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Epidemiol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5452087071","display_name":"Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Women","funder_award_id":"UM1CA176726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902120875","https://openalex.org/W2027125688","https://openalex.org/W2036193982","https://openalex.org/W2038903260","https://openalex.org/W2060242449","https://openalex.org/W2075026292","https://openalex.org/W2077690738","https://openalex.org/W2091249025","https://openalex.org/W2094096650","https://openalex.org/W2144439817","https://openalex.org/W2146099936","https://openalex.org/W2148654800","https://openalex.org/W2171471584","https://openalex.org/W2182975032","https://openalex.org/W2320060872","https://openalex.org/W2481340050","https://openalex.org/W2586140401","https://openalex.org/W2602609302","https://openalex.org/W2731501313","https://openalex.org/W2788908219","https://openalex.org/W2794719560","https://openalex.org/W2803110860","https://openalex.org/W2806602287","https://openalex.org/W2809983742","https://openalex.org/W2883224035","https://openalex.org/W2888467713","https://openalex.org/W2895246293","https://openalex.org/W2914960226","https://openalex.org/W2971331349","https://openalex.org/W3009151240","https://openalex.org/W3015556055","https://openalex.org/W3081154758","https://openalex.org/W3095553897","https://openalex.org/W3107936188","https://openalex.org/W3176161060","https://openalex.org/W3201928485","https://openalex.org/W3205968324","https://openalex.org/W3216789417","https://openalex.org/W4220823081","https://openalex.org/W4283387006","https://openalex.org/W4283747181","https://openalex.org/W4301595287","https://openalex.org/W4306399183","https://openalex.org/W4309346243","https://openalex.org/W4312107361","https://openalex.org/W4377139298","https://openalex.org/W4377564521","https://openalex.org/W4386817949","https://openalex.org/W4386896365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052931028","https://openalex.org/W4377564521","https://openalex.org/W4309346243","https://openalex.org/W2320060872","https://openalex.org/W4412753077","https://openalex.org/W2972317425","https://openalex.org/W2970940810","https://openalex.org/W4381158356","https://openalex.org/W7033065830","https://openalex.org/W4308931812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epidemiological":[0],"evidence":[1],"on":[2],"whether":[3],"cesarean":[4,17,97,105,143,171,193],"delivery":[5,18,106,144,194],"influences":[6],"offspring":[7],"neurodevelopment":[8],"remains":[9],"inconsistent.":[10],"We":[11,36,55,81,102],"evaluated":[12,82],"the":[13,30,45,52,62,72,77,110,125,175,180,188,196],"associations":[14],"between":[15,140],"maternal":[16,86,168],"and":[19,25,41,48,66,88,93,99,116,145],"childhood":[20],"autism":[21],"spectrum":[22],"disorder":[23,27],"(ASD)":[24],"attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[26],"(ADHD)":[28],"in":[29,44,51,107,133,162],"Nurses'":[31],"Health":[32],"Study":[33],"II":[34],"cohort.":[35],"included":[37],"29":[38],"352":[39],"mothers":[40],"their":[42],"children":[43],"ASD":[46,147,199],"analysis":[47,122],"27":[49],"704":[50],"ADHD":[53,155],"analysis.":[54],"used":[56],"generalized":[57],"estimating":[58],"equations":[59],"to":[60,76,123],"estimate":[61],"odds":[63],"ratio":[64],"(OR)":[65],"95%":[67,151,159],"confidence":[68],"interval":[69],"(CI)":[70],"for":[71],"child":[73,146],"outcomes":[74],"according":[75],"mode":[78,113],"of":[79,112,114,127,170,198],"delivery.":[80],"confounding":[83],"effects":[84],"from":[85],"demographic":[87],"reproductive":[89],"factors,":[90],"chronic":[91],"health":[92],"pregnancy":[94],"complications,":[95],"previous":[96],"delivery,":[98,115],"lifestyle":[100],"factors.":[101],"examined":[103],"current":[104],"combination":[108],"with":[109],"history":[111,169],"we":[117],"performed":[118],"a":[119],"sibling":[120],"comparison":[121],"evaluate":[124],"influence":[126],"uncontrolled":[128],"confounding.":[129],"Despite":[130],"some":[131],"suggestions":[132],"crude":[134],"analyses,":[135],"there":[136],"was":[137],"no":[138],"association":[139],"birth":[141,191],"by":[142,192],"(OR":[148,156],"=":[149,157],"1.02,":[150],"CI,":[152,160],"0.81-1.29)":[153],"nor":[154],"1.06,":[158],"0.95-1.18)":[161],"fully":[163],"adjusted":[164],"models.":[165],"Analyses":[166],"considering":[167],"deliveries":[172],"or":[173,200],"comparing":[174],"siblings":[176],"did":[177],"not":[178,186],"change":[179],"main":[181],"findings.":[182],"Our":[183],"study":[184],"does":[185],"support":[187],"hypothesis":[189],"that":[190],"increases":[195],"risk":[197],"ADHD.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
