{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166327491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","title":"A Historical Interrogation on Cattle Dipping Regulations Enforcement in Iringa, Tanzania, 1920-1961.","display_name":"A Historical Interrogation on Cattle Dipping Regulations Enforcement in Iringa, Tanzania, 1920-1961.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166327491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20960569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139465232","display_name":"Fidelis Mbifile","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fidelis Mbifile","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139465232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49937311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12635","display_name":"African studies and sociopolitical issues","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-disease-control","display_name":"cattle disease control","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-rule","display_name":"colonial rule","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanganyika","display_name":"Tanganyika","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iringa","display_name":"Iringa","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-enforcement","display_name":"regulatory enforcement","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-health-policy","display_name":"livestock health policy","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-policy","display_name":"public health policy","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-administration","display_name":"colonial administration","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-surveillance","display_name":"government surveillance","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coercion","display_name":"coercion","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-sanctions","display_name":"legal sanctions","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-agency","display_name":"African agency","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777188754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140822","display_name":"Coercion (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member state","level":4,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661443","display_name":"Indirect rule","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20960569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20960570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20960569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20960569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.42976516485214233}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,66],"colonial":[1,175,214,242],"state":[2,18,101,196],"machinery":[3,19],"used":[4,20,140],"many":[5],"ways":[6],"to":[7,25,52,97,141,189],"make":[8],"the":[9,32,40,54,72,85,91,99,134,152,163,168,179,185,199,206,219,239,247],"dipping":[10,58,107],"scheme":[11],"feasible":[12],"project":[13,108],"in":[14,60,80,213,254],"Iringa,":[15],"Tanzania.":[16],"both":[21],"legal":[22,136,226],"and":[23,43,64,84,122,129,137,174,184,211,225,249],"bylaws":[24],"deal":[26],"with":[27,39,109,162,195,232],"cattle":[28,33,57,233],"diseases":[29],"and,":[30],"indeed,":[31],"herders":[34],"who":[35],"were":[36],"not":[37,228],"abiding":[38],"same":[41],"laws":[42],"bylaws.":[44],"This":[45],"article,":[46],"therefore":[47],"employs":[48],"on":[49,106],"historical":[50,203],"method,":[51],"examine":[53],"enforcement":[55,105],"of":[56,74,90,93,103,112,117,120,149,181,209,222,241,252],"regulations":[59],"Iringa":[61,113],"between":[62,170],"1920":[63],"1961.":[65],"article":[67,200],"uses":[68],"archival":[69],"sources,":[70,151],"particularly":[71],"use":[73],"Tanzania":[75,121],"National":[76],"Archives":[77],"(TNA)":[78],"based":[79],"Dar":[81,94],"es":[82,95],"Salaam":[83,96],"East":[86,123],"Africana":[87],"Library":[88],"section":[89],"University":[92],"reconstruct":[98],"Colonial":[100],"methods":[102,204],"policy":[104],"a":[110,115,146],"case":[111],"as":[114],"representative":[116],"other":[118],"parts":[119],"Africa":[124],"at":[125],"large.":[126],"public":[127],"health":[128,234],"livestock":[130,156,172],"management":[131],"policies,":[132],"revealing":[133],"administrative,":[135],"coercive":[138],"mechanisms":[139],"regulate":[142],"rural":[143,255],"communities.":[144],"Through":[145],"close":[147],"analysis":[148],"primary":[150],"study":[153],"investigates":[154],"how":[155,202],"owners":[157,173],"negotiated,":[158],"contested,":[159],"or":[160,193],"complied":[161],"imposed":[164],"regulations.":[165],"By":[166],"examining":[167],"interactions":[169],"African":[171,182],"authorities,":[176],"it":[177],"highlights":[178],"agency":[180],"communities":[183],"strategies":[186],"they":[187],"employed":[188],"adapt":[190],"to,":[191],"resist,":[192],"engage":[194],"interventions.":[197],"Finally,":[198],"demonstrates":[201],"illuminate":[205],"broader":[207],"dynamics":[208],"power":[210],"governance":[212],"Tanganyika.":[215],"It":[216],"argues":[217],"that":[218],"state\u2019s":[220],"combination":[221],"surveillance,":[223],"coercion":[224],"sanctions":[227],"only":[229],"ensured":[230],"compliance":[231],"measures":[235],"but":[236],"also":[237],"reinforced":[238],"reach":[240],"authority,":[243],"offering":[244],"insights":[245],"into":[246],"contested":[248],"negotiated":[250],"nature":[251],"rule":[253],"areas.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}