{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166324605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","title":"Effectiveness of blended learning versus conventional didactic teaching in pathology education outcomes","display_name":"Effectiveness of blended learning versus conventional didactic teaching in pathology education outcomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166324605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42701579","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13545890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6026/973206300223781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","pdf_url":"https://www.bioinformation.net/022/973206300223781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755911950","display_name":"Bioinformation","issn_l":"0973-2063","issn":["0973-2063","0973-8894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328143488","host_organization_name":"Biomedical Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328143488"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Biomedical Informatics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.bioinformation.net/022/973206300223781.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125443202","display_name":"Puja Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273646","display_name":"Bundelkhand Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/006xk1031","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Puja Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115620620","display_name":"Jyoti Namdev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-0523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-0523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273646","display_name":"Bundelkhand Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/006xk1031","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Namdev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139497513","display_name":"Jyoti Shukla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273646","display_name":"Bundelkhand Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/006xk1031","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125443202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273646"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"3781","last_page":"3785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14496","display_name":"Educational Technology and E-Learning","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"blended learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/didactic-lectures","display_name":"didactic lectures","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology-education","display_name":"pathology education","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-satisfaction","display_name":"student satisfaction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking-skills","display_name":"higher-order thinking skills","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-performance","display_name":"exam performance","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.8720999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909807104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6026/973206300223781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","pdf_url":"https://www.bioinformation.net/022/973206300223781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755911950","display_name":"Bioinformation","issn_l":"0973-2063","issn":["0973-2063","0973-8894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328143488","host_organization_name":"Biomedical Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328143488"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Biomedical Informatics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13545890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13545890/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13545890/pdf/973206300223781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformation","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42701579","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42701579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6026/973206300223781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300223781","pdf_url":"https://www.bioinformation.net/022/973206300223781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755911950","display_name":"Bioinformation","issn_l":"0973-2063","issn":["0973-2063","0973-8894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328143488","host_organization_name":"Biomedical Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328143488"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Biomedical Informatics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166324605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166324605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294363620","https://openalex.org/W4321789581","https://openalex.org/W4408963007","https://openalex.org/W7117362791","https://openalex.org/W7160213997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3142728358","https://openalex.org/W7120742771","https://openalex.org/W7154730538","https://openalex.org/W4417033206","https://openalex.org/W4210511755","https://openalex.org/W4386356166","https://openalex.org/W7170187258","https://openalex.org/W2735091965","https://openalex.org/W4413397928","https://openalex.org/W3174307185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"didactic":[1,31],"lectures":[2,32],"in":[3,46],"pathology":[4,102],"often":[5],"promote":[6],"passive":[7],"learning,":[8],"limiting":[9],"students'":[10],"ability":[11],"to":[12,21],"apply":[13],"knowledge":[14],"clinically.":[15],"Therefore,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18],"of":[19],"interest":[20],"compare":[22],"the":[23,87],"learner":[24,63],"outcomes":[25],"between":[26],"blended":[27,39,78,88],"learning":[28,40,79,89],"and":[29,61,95],"traditional":[30],"among":[33],"110":[34],"second-year":[35],"MBBS":[36],"students.":[37],"The":[38],"group":[41],"demonstrated":[42],"significantly":[43],"superior":[44],"performance":[45],"application-based":[47],"scores":[48,56],"(mean":[49],"difference":[50],"4.5,":[51],"p<0.001,":[52,59],"d=1.85),":[53],"total":[54],"examination":[55],"(difference":[57],"5.5,":[58],"d=1.48)":[60],"all":[62],"engagement":[64,94],"domains":[65],"(p<0.001)":[66],"with":[67,77],"large":[68],"effect":[69],"sizes.":[70],"Student":[71],"satisfaction":[72,96],"was":[73],"also":[74],"markedly":[75],"higher":[76],"(4.32\u00b10.51":[80],"versus":[81],"3.48\u00b10.62,":[82],"p<0.001).":[83],"Thus,":[84],"data":[85],"shows":[86],"enhances":[90],"higher-order":[91],"cognitive":[92],"skills,":[93],"into":[97],"competency-based":[98],"medical":[99],"curricula":[100],"for":[101],"education.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
