{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166323287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","title":"Exploring the Complex Challenges of Heart Failure: Healthcare Costs, Access, and Social Factors in Iran","display_name":"Exploring the Complex Challenges of Heart Failure: Healthcare Costs, Access, and Social Factors in Iran","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166323287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227"},"language":"fa","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","pdf_url":"http://journal.ihio.gov.ir/files/site1/user_files_5aeb35/fatemehalsadat-A-10-738-1-b2a56bf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059072","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","issn_l":"2645-4297","issn":["2645-4297","2645-8225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://journal.ihio.gov.ir/files/site1/user_files_5aeb35/fatemehalsadat-A-10-738-1-b2a56bf.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070622013","display_name":"Hamidreza Hekmat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-9203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-9203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Hekmat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-9203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009694966","display_name":"Alireza Namazi Shabestari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-0883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-0883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Namazi Shabestari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine , School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran 228"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-0883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine , School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran 228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091770493","display_name":"Fatemeh Sadat Mirzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-0282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-0282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Sadat Mirzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-0282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61670618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"227","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.11590000241994858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-supply","display_name":"drug supply","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-barriers","display_name":"financial barriers","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance","display_name":"health insurance","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden","display_name":"economic burden","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994130222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205398","display_name":"Social care","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","pdf_url":"http://journal.ihio.gov.ir/files/site1/user_files_5aeb35/fatemehalsadat-A-10-738-1-b2a56bf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059072","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","issn_l":"2645-4297","issn":["2645-4297","2645-8225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66224/ihio.7.4.227","pdf_url":"http://journal.ihio.gov.ir/files/site1/user_files_5aeb35/fatemehalsadat-A-10-738-1-b2a56bf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407059072","display_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","issn_l":"2645-4297","issn":["2645-4297","2645-8225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Health Insurance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166323287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166323287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Healthcare":[0],"Costs,":[1],"Access,":[2],"and":[3,10,19,24,33,71,103,126,135,149,158,174,189,199,209,229],"Social":[4],"Factors":[5],"in":[6,17,56,184],"IranIntroduction:":[7],"Heart":[8],"failure":[9,55,102,118],"cardiovascular":[11,84,123,224],"diseases":[12,85],"pose":[13],"significant":[14],"health":[15,46,182],"challenges":[16,38,52,221],"Iran":[18,57],"beyond,":[20],"straining":[21],"healthcare":[22,107,137,201],"systems":[23],"impacting":[25],"patients'":[26],"quality":[27,228],"of":[28,39,53,83,92,100,114,128,171],"life":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,122,132,143,194,213],"costs":[32],"access":[34,121,142,193],"issues.Understanding":[35],"the":[36,51,65,72,80,89,164,219],"management":[37,170],"these":[40,161],"conditions":[41],"is":[42],"essential":[43],"for":[44,146,166,180],"improving":[45,181,226],"outcomes.Methods:":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"explores":[50],"heart":[54,101,117,185],"by":[58,223],"analyzing":[59],"data":[60,87,212],"from":[61,88],"various":[62],"sources,":[63],"including":[64],"Medical":[66],"Expenditure":[67],"Panel":[68],"Survey":[69,76],"(MEPS)":[70],"National":[73],"Health":[74],"Interview":[75],"(NHIS).It":[77],"also":[78],"assesses":[79],"economic":[81,231],"burden":[82],"using":[86],"Global":[90],"Burden":[91],"Disease":[93],"(GBD)":[94],"2019,":[95],"offering":[96],"a":[97],"comprehensive":[98],"overview":[99],"its":[104],"impact":[105,141],"on":[106,206],"delivery.":[108],"Results:Findings":[109],"indicate":[110],"that":[111,217],"only":[112],"31%":[113],"patients":[115,148],"with":[116],"receive":[119],"adequate":[120],"medications.Both":[124],"under-supply":[125],"over-supply":[127],"medications":[129],"are":[130,178],"linked":[131],"increased":[133],"hospitalizations":[134],"higher":[136],"costs.Financial":[138],"barriers":[139,177],"significantly":[140],"care,":[144,195],"particularly":[145],"low-income":[147],"those":[150],"without":[151],"insurance.Furthermore,":[152],"demographic":[153],"differences,":[154],"such":[155],"as":[156],"race":[157],"income,":[159],"complicate":[160],"challenges,":[162],"highlighting":[163],"need":[165],"targeted":[167],"interventions.":[168],"Conclusion:Effective":[169],"medication":[172,197],"supply":[173],"reducing":[175,230],"financial":[176],"crucial":[179],"outcomes":[183],"disease":[186],"patients.Targeted":[187],"policies":[188],"strategies":[190],"can":[191],"enhance":[192],"boost":[196],"adherence,":[198],"lower":[200],"costs.Future":[202],"research":[203],"should":[204],"focus":[205],"diverse":[207],"populations":[208],"integrate":[210],"clinical":[211],"create":[214],"tailored":[215],"interventions":[216],"address":[218],"specific":[220],"faced":[222],"patients,":[225],"care":[227],"burdens.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
