{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166322376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","title":"Tourism Low-Carbon Decision-Making Through the Avoid\u2013Shift\u2013Improve Framework","display_name":"Tourism Low-Carbon Decision-Making Through the Avoid\u2013Shift\u2013Improve Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166322376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00472875261459271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013930911","display_name":"Pezhman Hatamifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-7262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-7262","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-2787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pezhman Hatamifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-2787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083507343","display_name":"Arghavan Hadinejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-8899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-8899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arghavan (Hana) Hadinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074383853","display_name":"Jalayer Khalilzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-3228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-3228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186335123","display_name":"East Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx35703","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jalayer Khalilzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Hospitality Leadership, College of Business, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-3228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Hospitality Leadership, College of Business, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047510912","display_name":"Kourosh Esfandiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-2899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-2899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kourosh Esfandiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048483056","display_name":"Seyyed Mostafa Rasoolimanesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-0280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-0280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013930911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49265953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.05939999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-tourism","display_name":"low-carbon tourism","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-decision-making","display_name":"tourist decision-making","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-travel-behavior","display_name":"sustainable travel behavior","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-factors","display_name":"demographic factors","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-factors","display_name":"psychological factors","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-factors","display_name":"behavioral factors","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-mobility","display_name":"tourist mobility","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-consumption","display_name":"tourist consumption","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accommodation-choice","display_name":"accommodation choice","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability-communication","display_name":"sustainability communication","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-travelers","display_name":"young tourists","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.8668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7616999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.6876000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125308379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057","display_name":"Market segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778734068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344240","display_name":"Sustainable tourism","level":3,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153279","display_name":"Early adopter","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152771951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Demographic profile","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986043164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographic change","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00472875261459271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworks2022-2026-9815","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/8815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401966","display_name":"Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","host_organization_name":"Edith Cowan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2022 to 2026","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00472875261459271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875261459271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5883355140686035}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W971116546","https://openalex.org/W1493895422","https://openalex.org/W1985186928","https://openalex.org/W1998506766","https://openalex.org/W2011932595","https://openalex.org/W2016660511","https://openalex.org/W2048231673","https://openalex.org/W2059908659","https://openalex.org/W2064218820","https://openalex.org/W2067732338","https://openalex.org/W2067933440","https://openalex.org/W2068523230","https://openalex.org/W2073234630","https://openalex.org/W2078083698","https://openalex.org/W2082116732","https://openalex.org/W2088135512","https://openalex.org/W2103025774","https://openalex.org/W2110004723","https://openalex.org/W2120140845","https://openalex.org/W2125806375","https://openalex.org/W2131292268","https://openalex.org/W2146483594","https://openalex.org/W2148970888","https://openalex.org/W2157575844","https://openalex.org/W2161478256","https://openalex.org/W2171083281","https://openalex.org/W2301648579","https://openalex.org/W2343980172","https://openalex.org/W2606923037","https://openalex.org/W2611049350","https://openalex.org/W2622811475","https://openalex.org/W2743864141","https://openalex.org/W2781936519","https://openalex.org/W2787117522","https://openalex.org/W2789330505","https://openalex.org/W2792437682","https://openalex.org/W2801352948","https://openalex.org/W2805342934","https://openalex.org/W2936798835","https://openalex.org/W2946833280","https://openalex.org/W2955483476","https://openalex.org/W2958314349","https://openalex.org/W2978629508","https://openalex.org/W2987711891","https://openalex.org/W2997660754","https://openalex.org/W3012993846","https://openalex.org/W3022362612","https://openalex.org/W3022913088","https://openalex.org/W3033126674","https://openalex.org/W3037450747","https://openalex.org/W3038856246","https://openalex.org/W3039272611","https://openalex.org/W3043542369","https://openalex.org/W3048222087","https://openalex.org/W3093988646","https://openalex.org/W3118783081","https://openalex.org/W3131956693","https://openalex.org/W4200306596","https://openalex.org/W4200418283","https://openalex.org/W4200442080","https://openalex.org/W4210559752","https://openalex.org/W4224027426","https://openalex.org/W4229016236","https://openalex.org/W4290391302","https://openalex.org/W4292236291","https://openalex.org/W4295015170","https://openalex.org/W4318311026","https://openalex.org/W4376602258","https://openalex.org/W4378675131","https://openalex.org/W4382132689","https://openalex.org/W4384376766","https://openalex.org/W4386754298","https://openalex.org/W4387765951","https://openalex.org/W4391144404","https://openalex.org/W4391625639","https://openalex.org/W4393320533","https://openalex.org/W4405237746","https://openalex.org/W4405510987","https://openalex.org/W4406430881","https://openalex.org/W4408818545","https://openalex.org/W4410571260","https://openalex.org/W4410850305","https://openalex.org/W4411077728","https://openalex.org/W4411541556","https://openalex.org/W4412035851","https://openalex.org/W4416758719"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"the":[1,100,116,130],"Avoid\u2013Shift\u2013Improve":[2,109],"framework,":[3],"this":[4],"study":[5,101],"examines":[6],"how":[7],"demographic":[8,55],"factors":[9,56],"and":[10,13,25,36,43,49,63,77,92,121,128],"psychological,":[11,61],"behavioral,":[12,62],"attitudinal":[14,64],"drivers":[15,65],"are":[16,79,87],"associated":[17],"with":[18],"tourists\u2019":[19],"low-carbon":[20,103],"decision-making":[21],"across":[22],"mobility,":[23],"consumption,":[24,76],"accommodation.":[26,83],"Survey":[27],"data":[28],"were":[29],"collected":[30],"from":[31],"416":[32],"young":[33],"Finnish":[34],"travelers,":[35],"analyzed":[37],"using":[38],"correlation":[39],"tests,":[40],"repeated-measures":[41],"ANOVA,":[42],"cluster":[44],"segmentation":[45],"to":[46,135],"examine":[47],"cross-domain":[48],"cross-strategy":[50],"variation.":[51],"Findings":[52],"show":[53],"that":[54],"have":[57],"limited":[58],"influence,":[59],"whereas":[60],"motivate":[66],"sustainable":[67],"choices.":[68,142],"Shift":[69],"dominant":[70],"mobility":[71],"decision-making,":[72],"Avoid":[73],"emergence":[74],"in":[75,82],"Improve":[78],"most":[80],"common":[81],"Three":[84],"adopter":[85],"groups":[86],"identified":[88],"as":[89,110],"strong,":[90],"moderate,":[91],"weak,":[93],"reflecting":[94],"different":[95],"levels":[96],"of":[97,139],"engagement.":[98],"Theoretically,":[99],"advances":[102],"tourism":[104],"research":[105],"by":[106],"empirically":[107],"operationalizing":[108],"a":[111],"domain-sensitive":[112],"decisional":[113],"framework.":[114],"Practically,":[115],"findings":[117],"support":[118],"segmented":[119],"policy":[120],"marketing":[122],"strategies,":[123],"emphasize":[124],"benefit-oriented":[125],"sustainability":[126],"communication,":[127],"underscore":[129],"need":[131],"for":[132],"context-specific":[133],"interventions":[134],"facilitate":[136],"broader":[137],"adoption":[138],"carbon-neutral":[140],"travel":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}