{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166320222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320","title":"Ammonia-diesel cross-reactions in dual fuel engines: Emission impacts and kinetic analysis","display_name":"Ammonia-diesel cross-reactions in dual fuel engines: Emission impacts and kinetic analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166320222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/14680874261461320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53651343","display_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","issn_l":"1468-0874","issn":["1468-0874","2041-3149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keshuai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5395-3659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5395-3659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshuai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5395-3659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tingyong Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157899","display_name":"China State Shipbuilding (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rveb346","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSSC Qingdao Shuangrui Marine Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSSC Qingdao Shuangrui Marine Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103130356","display_name":"Enzhe Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-7151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-7151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enzhe Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yilin Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1652-9147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1652-9147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1652-9147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034942636","display_name":"Yun Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-8657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-8657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103130356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40849362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"1590","last_page":"1612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-blending","display_name":"ammonia blending","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-reactivity","display_name":"cross-reactivity","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-emissions","display_name":"engine emissions","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no2-formation","display_name":"NO2 formation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrous-oxide-production","display_name":"nitrous oxide production","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-formation","display_name":"soot formation","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-cylinder-pressure","display_name":"in-cylinder pressure","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-release-rate","display_name":"heat release rate","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-formation","display_name":"radical formation","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-initiation","display_name":"chain initiation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-dodecane","display_name":"n-dodecane","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclohexane","display_name":"cyclohexane","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toluene","display_name":"toluene","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.7663000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775925408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856","display_name":"Soot","level":3,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96949565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5606882","display_name":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition","level":4,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103206924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285028","display_name":"Exhaust gas recirculation","level":3,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776910235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18574","display_name":"Reactivity (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65024703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373406","display_name":"Reaction mechanism","level":3,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168255717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072759","display_name":"Ultra-low-sulfur diesel","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22547674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582668","display_name":"Chemical energy","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019581552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxides","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/14680874261461320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874261461320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53651343","display_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","issn_l":"1468-0874","issn":["1468-0874","2041-3149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Engine Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7570928335189819,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1325487459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024QE248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4775245093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025CXGC010704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6316306770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023CXGC010404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W897327606","https://openalex.org/W1978855141","https://openalex.org/W2000855894","https://openalex.org/W2001152010","https://openalex.org/W2007149509","https://openalex.org/W2007538243","https://openalex.org/W2007609637","https://openalex.org/W2011939030","https://openalex.org/W2044024345","https://openalex.org/W2082130975","https://openalex.org/W2284216622","https://openalex.org/W2324986918","https://openalex.org/W2331874496","https://openalex.org/W2347179630","https://openalex.org/W2590260022","https://openalex.org/W2790320648","https://openalex.org/W2790926612","https://openalex.org/W2901730130","https://openalex.org/W2913967543","https://openalex.org/W2974746919","https://openalex.org/W2976853695","https://openalex.org/W2990606486","https://openalex.org/W2991058943","https://openalex.org/W3000362904","https://openalex.org/W3004054876","https://openalex.org/W3005958751","https://openalex.org/W3044418279","https://openalex.org/W3046163554","https://openalex.org/W3193377779","https://openalex.org/W3204958041","https://openalex.org/W4225071726","https://openalex.org/W4301398606","https://openalex.org/W4308156004","https://openalex.org/W4308990229","https://openalex.org/W4313594197","https://openalex.org/W4319455132","https://openalex.org/W4367359100","https://openalex.org/W4387888194","https://openalex.org/W4388534546","https://openalex.org/W4388793347","https://openalex.org/W4390848140","https://openalex.org/W4391246507","https://openalex.org/W4392672981","https://openalex.org/W4396601691","https://openalex.org/W4400268234","https://openalex.org/W4401297002","https://openalex.org/W4407133543","https://openalex.org/W4413099298"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ammonia":[0],"blending":[1],"in":[2,36,121,170,224],"diesel":[3],"is":[4,28],"an":[5,109],"efficient":[6],"combustion":[7,163,220],"strategy":[8],"that":[9,127],"overcomes":[10],"the":[11,32,97,115,118,132,149,173],"low":[12],"reactivity":[13],"of":[14,34,99,108,117,151,175],"ammonia":[15,146],"while":[16],"maintaining":[17],"high":[18],"engine":[19,103,111],"adaptability.":[20],"A":[21],"smaller":[22],"and":[23,63,79,91,141,157,165,178,186,210,221],"accurate":[24],"chemical":[25],"kinetic":[26,83,216],"mechanism":[27,53,59,120,202],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,54,135,218],"exploring":[31],"application":[33],"ammonia/diesel":[35,55,93,225],"engine.":[37],"Building":[38],"upon":[39],"a":[40,48,105,204,214],"previously":[41],"developed":[42,50],"reduced":[43],"mechanism,":[44],"this":[45],"study":[46],"presents":[47],"newly":[49],"four-component":[51],"skeletal":[52,119,201],"dual-fuel":[56,226],"combustion.":[57,198],"The":[58,124,199],"includes":[60],"123":[61],"species":[62],"669":[64],"reactions,":[65],"with":[66],"134":[67],"specifically":[68],"identified":[69],"as":[70],"cross-reactions":[71,101,129,152],"between":[72,207],"fuel":[73],"components.":[74],"It":[75],"was":[76,112],"progressively":[77],"validated":[78],"optimized":[80],"through":[81],"detailed":[82],"analyses":[84],"involving":[85],"ammonia,":[86],"n-dodecane,":[87],"cyclohexane,":[88],"toluene,":[89],"diesel,":[90],"their":[92],"mixtures.":[94],"To":[95],"investigate":[96],"impact":[98],"ammonia\u2013diesel":[100],"on":[102],"emissions,":[104],"CFD":[106],"model":[107],"RCCI":[110],"established,":[113],"demonstrating":[114],"applicability":[116],"three-dimensional":[122],"simulations.":[123],"results":[125],"show":[126],"incorporating":[128],"significantly":[130],"improves":[131],"prediction":[133],"accuracy":[134],"in-cylinder":[136,167],"pressure,":[137],"heat":[138],"release":[139],"rate,":[140],"emission":[142,222],"trends.":[143],"Under":[144],"40%":[145],"energy":[147],"fraction,":[148],"presence":[150],"notably":[153],"enhanced":[154],"radical":[155],"formation":[156,174,194],"chain-initiation":[158],"processes,":[159],"leading":[160],"to":[161,196],"advanced":[162],"phasing":[164],"higher":[166],"temperatures.":[168],"This,":[169],"turn,":[171],"promoted":[172],"NO":[176],"2":[177,180],"N":[179],"O,":[181],"accelerated":[182],"NH":[183],"3":[184],"consumption":[185],"CO":[187],"oxidation,":[188],"but":[189],"also":[190],"intensified":[191],"local":[192],"soot":[193],"due":[195],"incomplete":[197],"proposed":[200],"offers":[203],"favorable":[205],"balance":[206],"computational":[208],"efficiency":[209],"predictive":[211],"accuracy,":[212],"providing":[213],"robust":[215],"foundation":[217],"optimizing":[219],"control":[223],"engines.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
