{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166316873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","title":"Leflunomide\u2010inhibited STAT1 activity ameliorates intramuscular M1 macrophage infiltration and promotes muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","display_name":"Leflunomide\u2010inhibited STAT1 activity ameliorates intramuscular M1 macrophage infiltration and promotes muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166316873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/bph.70518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55107261","display_name":"British Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0007-1188","issn":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128901711","display_name":"Wanting Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-7191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-7191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanting Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-7191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023709789","display_name":"Haowei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1542-0117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1542-0117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1542-0117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139504421","display_name":"Maolin Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maolin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004764974","display_name":"Huna Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huna Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074455169","display_name":"XJ Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5044","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-4162","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-986X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-216X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-5921","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9816-4147","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1494-0543","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-9040","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-1180","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-678X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-2041","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-0619","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-0346","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-642X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-5071","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5972-2855","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-9185","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8964-8502","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-7114","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-3448","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1283-3750","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2577-602X","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5945-7120","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8172-714X","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3817-5756","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8938-2093","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5343-7811","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0581-0009","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0666-8569","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1384-5217","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3121-147X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004412391","display_name":"Shusheng Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1035-1599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1035-1599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusheng Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1035-1599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113357609","display_name":"Guangyao Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammed Ismail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004326341","display_name":"Lei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-893X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-893X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159329","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05n13be63","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-893X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121122310","display_name":"Xihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-0110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-0110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159329","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05n13be63","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003128598","display_name":"Luyong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-7371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-7371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190242452","display_name":"Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vg7mz57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190242452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou China","New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-7371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Research and Development Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190242452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065451120","display_name":"Qinwei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-8024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-8024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinwei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-8024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002705826","display_name":"Zhenzhou Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767909","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01as92r37","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhou Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals  Nanjing China","Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals  Nanjing China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002705826","https://openalex.org/A5065451120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053","https://openalex.org/I4391767909"],"apc_list":{"value":4780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40089456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"183","issue":"18","first_page":"5496","last_page":"5515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12400","display_name":"Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11724","display_name":"Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy","display_name":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leflunomide","display_name":"leflunomide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stat1","display_name":"STAT1","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m1-macrophage-polarization","display_name":"M1 macrophage polarization","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-regeneration","display_name":"muscle regeneration","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdx-mice","display_name":"mdx mice","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-infiltration","display_name":"macrophage infiltration","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-inflammation","display_name":"muscle inflammation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a771726","display_name":"A771726","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myogenesis","display_name":"myogenesis","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648484","display_name":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","level":2,"score":0.9039000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776682551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072584","display_name":"Macrophage polarization","level":4,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780394045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412285","display_name":"Dystrophin","level":3,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778750056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24976962","display_name":"mdx mouse","level":4,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14912030","display_name":"STAT1","level":3,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207200792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914","display_name":"Myocyte","level":2,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910375186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"M2 Macrophage","level":4,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60278653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5008075","display_name":"C2C12","level":4,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776263037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557686","display_name":"Muscle atrophy","level":3,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777300911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692536","display_name":"Myopathy","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6997183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271727","display_name":"Myosin","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433212","display_name":"Myositis","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97816823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166726","display_name":"Myogenin","level":4,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137767","display_name":"Muscular dystrophy","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21109693","display_name":"CD68","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780181341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117658","display_name":"Inflammatory myopathy","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781101188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5009846","display_name":"CD86","level":4,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3763915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3331437","display_name":"Myogenesis","level":3,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909765735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Muscle disorder","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067996","descriptor_name":"RAW 264.7 Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077339","descriptor_name":"Leflunomide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077339","descriptor_name":"Leflunomide","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012038","descriptor_name":"Regeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018101","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred mdx","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020388","descriptor_name":"Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020388","descriptor_name":"Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020388","descriptor_name":"Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050794","descriptor_name":"STAT1 Transcription Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050794","descriptor_name":"STAT1 Transcription Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/bph.70518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55107261","display_name":"British Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0007-1188","issn":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42363311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42363311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.48042649030685425}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3824538357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2703600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6316985103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M681786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489295247","https://openalex.org/W1580772264","https://openalex.org/W1850477203","https://openalex.org/W1968854849","https://openalex.org/W1969780664","https://openalex.org/W1979067938","https://openalex.org/W1979173328","https://openalex.org/W1980532602","https://openalex.org/W1985418938","https://openalex.org/W1992303240","https://openalex.org/W1993278968","https://openalex.org/W2000654246","https://openalex.org/W2018358939","https://openalex.org/W2019009046","https://openalex.org/W2044964290","https://openalex.org/W2049814430","https://openalex.org/W2052982889","https://openalex.org/W2061468579","https://openalex.org/W2062467557","https://openalex.org/W2065875753","https://openalex.org/W2066180106","https://openalex.org/W2066405257","https://openalex.org/W2079533675","https://openalex.org/W2079870321","https://openalex.org/W2084629567","https://openalex.org/W2086130199","https://openalex.org/W2089432984","https://openalex.org/W2092885411","https://openalex.org/W2097136884","https://openalex.org/W2103539966","https://openalex.org/W2104627091","https://openalex.org/W2106594964","https://openalex.org/W2108723188","https://openalex.org/W2112039060","https://openalex.org/W2123089182","https://openalex.org/W2127459073","https://openalex.org/W2138392378","https://openalex.org/W2141359943","https://openalex.org/W2149152441","https://openalex.org/W2153554828","https://openalex.org/W2157735441","https://openalex.org/W2194012442","https://openalex.org/W2347149629","https://openalex.org/W2601173074","https://openalex.org/W2752122202","https://openalex.org/W2784992484","https://openalex.org/W2789525405","https://openalex.org/W2792530460","https://openalex.org/W2792935190","https://openalex.org/W2808825101","https://openalex.org/W2884946171","https://openalex.org/W2895537527","https://openalex.org/W2900467096","https://openalex.org/W2939414276","https://openalex.org/W2945777288","https://openalex.org/W2953080706","https://openalex.org/W2968934348","https://openalex.org/W2973972555","https://openalex.org/W3041695571","https://openalex.org/W3042519295","https://openalex.org/W3047556542","https://openalex.org/W3127832690","https://openalex.org/W3128819134","https://openalex.org/W3134317275","https://openalex.org/W3174618875","https://openalex.org/W3201039092","https://openalex.org/W3202876082","https://openalex.org/W3207919191","https://openalex.org/W3210137488","https://openalex.org/W3213032771","https://openalex.org/W3215415355","https://openalex.org/W4200246084","https://openalex.org/W4200516020","https://openalex.org/W4200591611","https://openalex.org/W4205818412","https://openalex.org/W4213453512","https://openalex.org/W4220756815","https://openalex.org/W4226079918","https://openalex.org/W4236357753","https://openalex.org/W4282942623","https://openalex.org/W4296163946","https://openalex.org/W4308414128","https://openalex.org/W4353050837","https://openalex.org/W4365517297","https://openalex.org/W4382069925","https://openalex.org/W4385751217","https://openalex.org/W4389101023","https://openalex.org/W4406849664","https://openalex.org/W4409789466","https://openalex.org/W7117554798","https://openalex.org/W7117562879"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1,226],"PURPOSE:":[2],"Duchenne":[3],"muscular":[4],"dystrophy":[5],"(DMD)":[6],"is":[7],"an":[8],"X-linked":[9],"recessive":[10],"disorder":[11],"caused":[12],"by":[13,123,134,150,193,205,211,237],"dystrophin":[14],"gene":[15],"mutations.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"investigated":[19],"the":[20,40,60,83,97,250],"therapeutic":[21,217],"effects":[22],"of":[23,35,42,63,85,100,191,252],"leflunomide,":[24,96],"a":[25,246],"STAT1":[26,57,101,164,192,239,242],"inhibitor":[27],"on":[28,65,219],"dystrophic":[29],"muscles.":[30],"EXPERIMENTAL":[31],"DESIGN:":[32],"The":[33,118,144],"characterization":[34],"M1":[36,66,72,181,199,212,230],"macrophage":[37,182,196,213,231],"polarization":[38,67,183],"and":[39,51,68,75,102,110,125,129,137,140,159,171,187,214,233,240],"level":[41],"STAT1/p-STAT1":[43],"were":[44,53,79,104,112,121,132],"measured":[45,122],"in":[46,89,106,168,222],"DMD":[47,172],"patients.":[48],"Lipopolysaccharide":[49],"(LPS)/IFN-\u03b3":[50],"RO8191":[52,194],"selected":[54,113],"to":[55,81,87],"stimulate":[56],"for":[58,114,249],"evaluating":[59,115],"inhibitory":[61],"effect":[62,218],"A771726":[64,86,178],"STAT1.":[69,188],"Conditionally":[70],"cocultured":[71],"RAW264.7":[73],"cells":[74],"differentiated":[76],"C2C12":[77],"myoblasts":[78],"used":[80],"explore":[82],"differentiation":[84,155],"myopathy":[88],"inflammatory":[90],"environments.":[91],"After":[92],"4-week":[93],"treatment":[94],"with":[95,175],"protein":[98,157],"levels":[99,158],"p-STAT1":[103,186],"evaluated":[105],"mdx":[107,169,223],"mice.":[108,224],"CD86":[109],"CD68":[111],"inflammation":[116,208],"event.":[117],"proinflammatory":[119],"cytokines":[120],"RT-PCR":[124],"ELISA.":[126],"Muscle":[127],"function":[128],"myofibre":[130],"damage":[131],"examined":[133],"behavioural":[135],"experiments":[136],"serum":[138],"CK":[139],"LDH":[141],"level,":[142],"respectively.":[143],"muscle":[145,220,235],"regeneration":[146,236],"event":[147],"was":[148,165,202],"demonstrated":[149],"myosin":[151],"heavy":[152],"chain,":[153],"myogenic":[154],"(MyOD)":[156],"eMyHC":[160],"immunofluorescence.":[161],"KEY":[162],"RESULTS:":[163],"remarkably":[166],"upregulated":[167],"mice":[170],"patients":[173],"compared":[174],"control":[176],"groups.":[177],"restrained":[179],"LPS/IFN-\u03b3-induced":[180],"via":[184],"inhibiting":[185],"Specific":[189],"activation":[190],"promoted":[195],"polarize":[197],"towards":[198],"type,":[200],"which":[201],"partially":[203],"counteracted":[204],"A771726.":[206],"Leflunomide-inhibited":[207],"infiltration":[209,232],"mediated":[210],"exerted":[215],"promising":[216,247],"repair":[221],"CONCLUSIONS":[225],"IMPLICATIONS:":[227],"Leflunomide":[228],"relieved":[229],"improved":[234],"downregulating":[238],"p-STAT1.":[241],"may":[243],"merge":[244],"as":[245],"target":[248],"therapy":[251],"DMD.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
