{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166313722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/5726e","title":"Institutional Ecosystems and Soviet\u2013Russian Combat Heritage as Technical-Tactical Infrastructure for Elite Career Development in Pankration, Free Fight, MMA, Kickboxing, and Boxing","display_name":"Institutional Ecosystems and Soviet\u2013Russian Combat Heritage as Technical-Tactical Infrastructure for Elite Career Development in Pankration, Free Fight, MMA, Kickboxing, and Boxing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166313722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/5726e"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.17605/osf.io/5726e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/5726e","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://osf.io/5726e","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016740510","display_name":"Fernando C. Loio Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1896"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Loio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1896","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016740510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13730","display_name":"Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13730","display_name":"Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-sports","display_name":"combat sports","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-ecosystem","display_name":"institutional ecosystem","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pankration","display_name":"pankration","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-martial-arts","display_name":"mixed martial arts","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kickboxing","display_name":"kickboxing","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boxing","display_name":"boxing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrestling","display_name":"wrestling","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-caucasus","display_name":"North Caucasus","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dagestan","display_name":"Dagestan","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780465443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852061","display_name":"Champion","level":2,"score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344963","display_name":"World championship","level":2,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779501167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079023","display_name":"Championship","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777247013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038939","display_name":"Career development","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120060458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10145","display_name":"Milestone","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910634626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7707","display_name":"Water polo","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777720223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255430","display_name":"Demise","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994232186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50324608","display_name":"World class","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185","display_name":"Coaching","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919978","display_name":"Prestige","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778145024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052147","display_name":"Dismissal","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339916","display_name":"Glory","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.17605/osf.io/5726e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/5726e","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:11702b00-c61e-4c14-a1af-868bcfb86827","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/5726e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"},{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/5726e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/5726e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/5726e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050956","display_name":"Open Science Framework","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.17605/osf.io/5726e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/5726e","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49116069078445435,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Description":[0],"Why":[1],"do":[2],"Dagestani":[3,270],"fighters":[4],"dominate":[5],"global":[6],"combat":[7,18,438],"sports?":[8],"This":[9,539,562],"longitudinal":[10,98,311,474,580],"study":[11,79,563,581],"examines":[12],"how":[13],"institutional":[14,401,432],"ecosystems":[15],"and":[16,34,69,128,168,173,207,236,322,351,393,416,431,460,520,534,571],"Soviet\u2013Russian":[17],"heritage":[19],"function":[20],"as":[21,142,211,267,496],"technical-tactical":[22,453,537],"infrastructure":[23],"for":[24,125],"elite":[25],"career":[26,370],"development":[27],"across":[28,74,189,437],"Pankration,":[29],"Free":[30],"Fight,":[31],"MMA,":[32],"Kickboxing,":[33],"Boxing.":[35],"The":[36,77,101,104,198,309,400,403,440,473,525,548],"research":[37],"is":[38,139,251,258,264,551],"grounded":[39],"in":[40,49,95,209,217,575,634],"the":[41,60,89,96,147,154,174,178,190,194,204,232,240,248,252,286,293,306,445,489,505,531,535,552,567,578,583],"WUFC":[42,61,82,99,266,279,284,304,318,568,585,621],"World":[43,241,376,396,622],"Ultimate":[44,623],"Full":[45,624],"Contact":[46,625],"competitive":[47,64,290,429],"environment":[48],"Portugal.":[50],"Across":[51],"its":[52,296],"complete":[53,90,559,584],"historical":[54,92,102,586],"series":[55,587],"of":[56,146,158,231,239,276,301,508,554,566,582,630],"30":[57,191],"editions":[58,83,192],"(1988\u20132017),":[59],"recorded":[62,129],"689":[63],"participations,":[65],"346":[66],"documented":[67,94,368],"bouts,":[68],"athletes":[70,271,319],"representing":[71],"40":[72,332],"countries":[73],"four":[75],"continents.":[76],"present":[78],"focuses":[80],"on":[81,88],"18\u201330":[84],"(2005\u20132017),":[85],"while":[86],"drawing":[87],"30-edition":[91],"dataset":[93],"companion":[97,579],"study.":[100,547],"data":[103],"Russian":[105,148,155,175],"Federation":[106,149,156,176,235],"produced":[107],"155":[108],"combined":[109],"participations":[110,127],"with":[111,260,320,577],"a":[112,130,143,212,221,545,558],"65.8%":[113],"win":[114,132],"rate":[115,133],"(95%":[116,134],"Wilson":[117,135],"CI":[118,136],"[58.0%\u201372.8%]).":[119],"Within":[120],"this":[121,299,499],"total,":[122],"Dagestan":[123,138,172,208,345,354],"accounted":[124],"61":[126],"67.2%":[131],"[54.7%\u201377.7%]).":[137],"analytically":[140,181],"disaggregated":[141],"constituent":[144],"republic":[145],"but":[150],"remains":[151],"included":[152],"within":[153,498],"total":[157,364],"n":[159],"=":[160,315,328,331,480,483,486],"155.":[161],"These":[162,346,515],"geographic":[163,347,516],"categories":[164,348,517],"are":[165,169,177,349,442,518,521],"therefore":[166],"nested":[167,350,519],"not":[170,352,522,543],"additive.":[171],"only":[179],"two":[180],"reported":[182],"entities":[183],"to":[184,298,305,478,529],"achieve":[185],"Elite-level":[186],"statistical":[187],"confidence":[188],"under":[193],"study's":[195,536],"classification":[196],"criteria.":[197],"cultural":[199],"root":[200],"Qualitative":[201],"evidence":[202],"identifies":[203],"North":[205,340,357,506],"Caucasus,":[206,249,507],"particular,":[210],"culturally":[213],"distinctive":[214],"combat-sports":[215],"ecosystem":[216,402],"which":[218],"wrestling":[219,250,411],"occupies":[220],"central":[222],"developmental":[223,408],"role":[224],"from":[225,255,413,504,513],"childhood.":[226,256],"As":[227],"Vladimir":[228],"Stepkin,":[229],"President":[230],"All-Russian":[233],"Pankration":[234,242],"1st":[237],"Vice-President":[238],"Association":[243],"Federation,":[244],"described":[245],"it:":[246],"\u201cIn":[247],"primary":[253],"sport":[254],"Wrestling":[257],"absorbed":[259],"mother's":[261],"milk.":[262],"It":[263],"national.\u201d":[265],"launch":[268],"pad":[269],"maintained":[272],"seven":[273],"consecutive":[274],"years":[275],"presence":[277],"at":[278],"before":[280,292],"UFC":[281,294],"entry":[282],"(2005\u20132011).":[283],"was":[285,476,527],"highest":[287],"available":[288],"international":[289,324,369],"platform":[291],"opened":[295],"doors":[297],"generation":[300],"fighters.":[302],"From":[303],"world":[307],"stage":[308],"revised":[310,477,528],"cohort":[312,365,475],"comprises":[313],"N":[314,479],"50":[316,481,490],"selected":[317],"significant":[321],"verified":[323],"careers:":[325],"\u2014":[326,333,337,342,469,598,612,620,637,643,649],"T1":[327],"10;":[329,484],"T2":[330,485],"33/50":[334],"(66.0%)":[335,493],"Russian-linked":[336,361],"25/33":[338],"(75.8%)":[339,502],"Caucasus":[341,358],"20/25":[343],"(80.0%)":[344,511],"additive:":[353],"(20)":[355],"\u2282":[356,360,363],"(25)":[359],"(33)":[362],"(50).":[366],"Selected":[367],"trajectories":[371],"include":[372],"Magomedkerimov":[373],"(2\u00d7":[374],"PFL":[375],"Champion),":[377,382],"Said":[378],"Nurmagomedov":[379],"(UFC;":[380],"WFCA":[381],"Valiev":[383],"(UFC/PFL),":[384],"Sultan":[385],"Aliev":[386],"(UFC/Bellator),":[387],"Bektemirov":[388],"(HBO":[389],"boxing;":[390],"WBA":[391],"#10),":[392],"Bibulatov":[394],"(WSOF":[395],"Champion":[397],"\u2192":[398],"UFC).":[399],"findings":[404,441],"identify":[405],"an":[406],"interconnected":[407],"system":[409],"incorporating":[410],"culture":[412],"childhood,":[414],"sambo":[415],"judo":[417],"foundations,":[418],"Soviet":[419],"boxing":[420],"methodology,":[421],"grappling-striking":[422],"integration,":[423],"technical":[424],"automatisation,":[425],"long-term":[426],"physical":[427],"preparation,":[428],"readiness,":[430],"structures":[433],"supporting":[434],"adaptive":[435,458],"transfer":[436],"sports.":[439],"interpreted":[443],"through":[444],"Fernando":[446,591,613],"Loio":[447,614,638,644,650],"Combat":[448,615],"Performance":[449,616],"Framework":[450,617],"(FLCPF),":[451],"particularly":[452],"versatility,":[454],"anticipation,":[455],"contextual":[456],"adaptability,":[457],"transfer,":[459],"physiological":[461],"integration.":[462],"Same":[463],"system.":[464],"Different":[465],"disciplines.":[466],"Version":[467],"3":[468],"Revised":[470],"August":[471],"2026":[472],"(T1":[482],"40).":[487],"Of":[488],"athletes,":[491],"33":[492],"were":[494,503,512],"classified":[495],"Russian-linked;":[497],"subgroup,":[500],"25":[501],"whom":[509],"20":[510],"Dagestan.":[514],"mutually":[523],"exclusive.":[524],"title":[526,540],"reflect":[530],"expanded":[532],"scope":[533],"focus.":[538],"change":[541],"does":[542],"constitute":[544],"new":[546],"English-language":[549],"manuscript":[550],"version":[553],"record,":[555],"accompanied":[556],"by":[557],"Portuguese-language":[560],"edition.":[561],"forms":[564],"part":[565],"Research":[569,601],"Programme":[570],"should":[572],"be":[573],"read":[574],"conjunction":[576],"(DOI:":[588],"10.17605/OSF.IO/6Z7TC).":[589],"Author:":[590],"Loio,":[592],"PhD":[593],"|":[594],"Integrated":[595],"Researcher,":[596],"CIEQV":[597],"Life":[599],"Quality":[600],"Centre,":[602],"Rio":[603],"Maior,":[604],"Portugal":[605],"ORCID:":[606],"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1896":[607],"Website:":[608],"https://fernandoloio.com":[609],"Related":[610],"works:":[611],"(FLCPF):":[618],"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9E872":[619],"Championship":[626],"(1988\u20132017):":[627],"Thirty":[628],"Years":[629],"Elite":[631],"International":[632],"Competition":[633],"Portugal:":[635],"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6Z7TC":[636],"et":[639,645],"al.":[640,646],"(2020a):":[641],"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197094":[642],"(2022b):":[647],"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0900":[648],"(2021),":[651],"Doctoral":[652],"Dissertation:":[653],"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/12069":[654]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}