{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166312369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","title":"Simulation and experimental study on the performance of a solar-powered PVT electric-thermal hybrid air-water-soil three-source heat pump system","display_name":"Simulation and experimental study on the performance of a solar-powered PVT electric-thermal hybrid air-water-soil three-source heat pump system","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166312369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139499279","display_name":"Yichen Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No. 15, Yongyuan Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100163, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No. 15, Yongyuan Road, Daxing District, Beijing 100163, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121793193","display_name":"Xinyun Wan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139506407","display_name":"Meiduo Zhuoma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiduo Zhuoma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139490383","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Termica y de Fluidos, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain","Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Termica y de Fluidos, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139490383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"apc_paid":{"value":1280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1280},"fwci":3.8451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94197714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"100740","last_page":"100740"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11225","display_name":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","score":0.0364999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-thermal-systems","display_name":"photovoltaic-thermal systems","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-source-heat-pump","display_name":"air-source heat pump","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-source-heat-pump","display_name":"water source heat pump","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-source-heat-pump","display_name":"ground source heat pump","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-heat-pump","display_name":"hybrid heat pump","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-assisted-heating","display_name":"solar-assisted heating","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-performance","display_name":"coefficient of performance","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigerant-flow-rate","display_name":"refrigerant flow rate","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-resistance","display_name":"flow resistance","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emission-reduction","display_name":"CO2 emission reduction","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-heating","display_name":"low-carbon heating","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-cold-regions","display_name":"severe cold regions","score":0.8320000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13119800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902090","display_name":"Coefficient of performance","level":4,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:627898686e7749b3a69748a756da9c74","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/627898686e7749b3a69748a756da9c74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100740- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2026.100740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287365","display_name":"Next Energy","issn_l":"2949-821X","issn":["2949-821X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Next Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G379582858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2621T0195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","funder_display_name":"Tsinghua University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894663389"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,34,58,71,80,101,115,137,141,149,152,187,192,210,216,221],"performance":[3,50,83],"degradation":[4],"of":[5,37,82,117,135,151],"a":[6,12,198],"standalone":[7],"ASHP,":[8,19,184],"this":[9],"study":[10],"developed":[11],"multi-source":[13],"coupled":[14],"system":[15,49,60],"integrating":[16],"photovoltaic-thermal":[17],"(PVT),":[18],"water":[20],"source":[21,27],"heat":[22,28,45,90,132,161],"pump":[23,29,162],"(WSHP),":[24],"and":[25,44,129,218],"ground":[26,118],"(GSHP).":[30],"Using":[31],"Aspen":[32],"Plus,":[33],"perturbation":[35],"characteristics":[36],"parameters":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,100],"refrigerant":[41],"flow":[42,127],"rate":[43],"source/load":[46],"temperatures":[47],"on":[48,93,220],"were":[51],"quantitatively":[52],"analyzed.":[53],"Sensitivity":[54],"analysis":[55],"indicates":[56],"that":[57,158,207],"ASHP":[59],"is":[61,208],"highly":[62],"sensitive":[63],"to":[64,76,105,109,120,145,186,212,223],"ambient":[65,131],"temperature":[66,103,119],"fluctuation.":[67],"At":[68],"0":[69],"\u00b0C,":[70],"pressure":[72],"ratio":[73],"rapidly":[74],"climbs":[75],"approximately":[77],"9.0,":[78],"while":[79],"coefficient":[81,134],"(COP)":[84],"remains":[85],"low;":[86],"by":[87,191],"contrast,":[88],"water-source":[89],"pumps":[91],"based":[92],"PVT":[94,193],"technology":[95],"achieve":[96],"good":[97],"instantaneous":[98],"efficiency":[99,214],"evaporation":[102],"rises":[104],"15\u201335":[106],"\u00b0C":[107],"thanks":[108,185],"solar":[110],"assistance.":[111],"The":[112,154],"GSHP":[113,222],"leverages":[114],"stability":[116,226],"ensure":[121],"reliable":[122],"all-weather":[123],"operation.":[124],"By":[125],"incorporating":[126],"resistance":[128],"an":[130],"loss":[133],"18%,":[136],"simulation":[138],"error":[139],"in":[140,203],"COP":[142],"was":[143],"reduced":[144],"3.2%,":[146],"thereby":[147],"validating":[148],"accuracy":[150],"model.":[153],"environmental":[155],"assessment":[156],"confirmed":[157],"all":[159],"three":[160],"types":[163],"offer":[164],"significant":[165],"potential":[166],"for":[167,200],"reducing":[168],"emissions.":[169],"Under":[170],"same":[171],"operating":[172],"conditions,":[173],"WSHP":[174],"mode":[175],"achieves":[176],"20\u201330%":[177],"greater":[178],"CO":[179],"2":[180],"emission":[181],"reductions":[182],"than":[183],"auxiliary":[188],"role":[189],"played":[190],"system.":[194],"This":[195],"research":[196],"demonstrates":[197],"pathway":[199],"low-carbon":[201],"heating":[202],"severe":[204],"cold":[205],"regions,":[206],"utilizing":[209],"PVT-WSHP":[211],"enhance":[213],"during":[215],"day":[217],"relying":[219],"guarantee":[224],"operation":[225],"at":[227],"night.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
