{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166301397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","title":"Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Pakistan: A Narrative Review and Descriptive Synthesis","display_name":"Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Pakistan: A Narrative Review and Descriptive Synthesis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166301397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42516481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.111614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/470663-central-nervous-system-fungal-infections-in-pakistan-a-narrative-review-and-descriptive-synthesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/470663-central-nervous-system-fungal-infections-in-pakistan-a-narrative-review-and-descriptive-synthesis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104623622","display_name":"Fiza Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-8726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-8726"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiza Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Continental Medical College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Continental Medical College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013292705","display_name":"Farah Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7114-5468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7114-5468","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9023-7924"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Continental Medical College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Continental Medical College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139468765","display_name":"Joshua Jamil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171003132","display_name":"Rawalpindi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02maedm12","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132793884","display_name":"Abdul Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1653-1116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1653-1116"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139507824","display_name":"Maazan Mubasher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maazan Mubasher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090190990","display_name":"Syed Haider Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8200-4889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8200-4889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184598052","display_name":"Nishtar Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02rjrn566","country_code":"PK","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184598052"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Haider Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184598052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139480950","display_name":"Sameed Safdar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205173300","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04vhsg885","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameed Safdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109280857","display_name":"Mohamed F. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0772-8470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0772-8470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264496","display_name":"National Hospital and Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/023zete28","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264496"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fawad Ul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurological Surgery, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurological Surgery, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139510686","display_name":"Faiqa I Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faiqa I Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurological Surgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurological Surgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004088981","display_name":"Arham Amir Khawaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4121-3180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4121-3180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801114866","display_name":"Shaikh Zayed Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002tz8e96","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801114866"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arham Amir Khawaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801114866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050732302","display_name":"Haseeb Mehmood Qadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-9934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-9934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799885502","display_name":"Lahore General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3e5069","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254933","display_name":"Punjab Institute of Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dha3k90","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Mehmood Qadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK","Neurological Surgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799885502"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurological Surgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41659286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"e111614","last_page":"e111614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.5351999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.5351999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.4584999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-fungal-infection","display_name":"central nervous system fungal infection","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspergillosis","display_name":"aspergillosis","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucorales","display_name":"Mucorales","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunocompromised-patients","display_name":"immunocompromised patients","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headache","display_name":"headache","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphotericin-b","display_name":"amphotericin B","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voriconazole","display_name":"voriconazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-debridement","display_name":"surgical debridement","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.9100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9383999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780690907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412236","display_name":"Voriconazole","level":3,"score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779629538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412223","display_name":"Amphotericin B","level":3,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780908437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464067","display_name":"Mycosis","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259626","display_name":"Aspergillosis","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5248564","display_name":"Debridement (dental)","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777292849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6931254","display_name":"Mucormycosis","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206179267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188952","display_name":"Medical history","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779548794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578726","display_name":"Antifungal","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141280","display_name":"Mucorales","level":3,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780247198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633403","display_name":"Weakness","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776079991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5509171","display_name":"Fungal keratitis","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779175654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335130","display_name":"Aspergillus","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779196057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835718","display_name":"Opportunistic infection","level":4,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781026528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Meningitis","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7142931","display_name":"Past medical history","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18928476","display_name":"Fusariosis","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776479810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046374","display_name":"Zygomycosis","level":4,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.111614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/470663-central-nervous-system-fungal-infections-in-pakistan-a-narrative-review-and-descriptive-synthesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42516481","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42516481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13404505","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13404505/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.111614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.111614","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/470663-central-nervous-system-fungal-infections-in-pakistan-a-narrative-review-and-descriptive-synthesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8510468602180481}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166301397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166301397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964546168","https://openalex.org/W2002835378","https://openalex.org/W2005109467","https://openalex.org/W2006139109","https://openalex.org/W2035000924","https://openalex.org/W2052302524","https://openalex.org/W2093741808","https://openalex.org/W2127358318","https://openalex.org/W2134863331","https://openalex.org/W2429371978","https://openalex.org/W2440776065","https://openalex.org/W2464913012","https://openalex.org/W2518567334","https://openalex.org/W2792135755","https://openalex.org/W2804249835","https://openalex.org/W2883135211","https://openalex.org/W2963821168","https://openalex.org/W3138532799","https://openalex.org/W3153736324","https://openalex.org/W3182662128","https://openalex.org/W3198001913","https://openalex.org/W3214501471","https://openalex.org/W4210664205","https://openalex.org/W4220867259","https://openalex.org/W4318195413","https://openalex.org/W4362721909","https://openalex.org/W4379795790","https://openalex.org/W4382798437","https://openalex.org/W4386752289","https://openalex.org/W4388007381","https://openalex.org/W4398194911","https://openalex.org/W4401370287","https://openalex.org/W4403301517","https://openalex.org/W4412695345","https://openalex.org/W4414980381"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Central":[0],"nervous":[1],"system":[2],"(CNS)":[3],"fungal":[4,28,41,205],"infections":[5,29,206],"are":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8,35,56,211,226],"significant":[9],"morbidity":[10],"and":[11,76,113,130,135,154,163,174,193,229],"mortality":[12,175,187,240],"globally,":[13],"especially":[14],"in":[15,30,66,73,79,100,107,118,132,146,151,157,167,170,176,189,196,207,233],"immunocompromised":[16],"patients.":[17,49,110,179,199,237],"This":[18,200],"narrative":[19],"review":[20,201],"aimed":[21],"to":[22],"characterise":[23],"the":[24,95,181,217,234,244],"spectrum":[25],"of":[26,39,90,236],"CNS":[27,40,204],"Pakistan.":[31],"Overall,":[32],"14":[33],"studies":[34],"histologically":[36],"confirmed":[37],"diagnoses":[38],"infection":[42],"were":[43],"included,":[44],"comprising":[45],"data":[46],"on":[47],"140":[48],"The":[50,59,122,140,160,222],"average":[51],"age":[52],"was":[53,64,94,116,127,216],"38.7":[54],"years":[55],"male":[57],"predominance.":[58],"most":[60,96,218],"common":[61],"presenting":[62],"symptom":[63],"headache":[65],"58":[67],"(41.42%),":[68],"followed":[69,104],"by":[70,105],"visual":[71],"disturbance":[72],"27":[74],"(19.28%)":[75],"limb":[77],"weakness":[78],"22":[80],"(15.71%).":[81],"Among":[82,180],"all":[83],"patients,":[84,103,138,192],"31":[85],"(22.14%)":[86],"had":[87],"a":[88],"history":[89],"diabetes":[91],"mellitus.":[92],"Aspergillus":[93],"frequently":[97],"isolated":[98],"pathogen":[99],"46":[101],"(32.85%)":[102],"Mucorales":[106],"42":[108],"(30%)":[109],"Combined":[111],"medical":[112,162,185,228],"surgical":[114,141,164,230],"management":[115,142,165,223,231],"used":[117],"113":[119],"(80.71%)":[120],"cases.":[121],"primary":[123],"antifungal":[124],"treatment":[125],"administered":[126],"amphotericin":[128],"B":[129],"voriconazole":[131],"82":[133],"(58.57%)":[134],"41":[136,177],"(29.28%)":[137],"respectively.":[139],"included":[143],"neuronavigation-guided":[144],"biopsy":[145],"29":[147],"(20.71%),":[148],"endoscopic":[149],"debridement":[150],"16":[152],"(11.42%),":[153],"subtotal":[155],"resection":[156],"15":[158],"(10.71%).":[159],"combined":[161,227],"resulted":[166],"clinical":[168],"improvement":[169],"57":[171],"(50.44%)":[172],"patients":[173,182],"(36.28%)":[178],"given":[183],"only":[184],"therapy,":[186],"occurred":[188,195],"17":[190],"(65.38%)":[191],"resolution":[194],"2":[197],"(7.69%)":[198],"demonstrates":[202],"that":[203],"Pakistan":[208],"often":[209],"present":[210],"nonspecific":[212],"symptoms.":[213],"Diabetes":[214],"mellitus":[215],"commonly":[219],"reported":[220],"comorbidity.":[221],"is":[224],"multimodal,":[225],"required":[232],"majority":[235],"Despite":[238],"treatment,":[239],"remains":[241],"high,":[242],"emphasising":[243],"need":[245],"for":[246],"earlier":[247],"diagnosis.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
