{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166183003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","title":"Tribute to Eugene Braunwald, MD, MACC, D.Sc.: Father of Clinical Cardiology","display_name":"Tribute to Eugene Braunwald, MD, MACC, D.Sc.: Father of Clinical Cardiology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166183003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224948","display_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2250-3528","issn":["2250-3528","2456-3366"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7166183003"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030700531","display_name":"Satyanarayana Upadhyayula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-4374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-4374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291450037","display_name":"Medanta The Medicity","ror":"https://ror.org/047dyfk64","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291450037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115207","display_name":"Medanta The Medicity","ror":"https://ror.org/023vqza20","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291450037","https://openalex.org/I4210115207"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Satyanarayana Upadhyayula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291450037","https://openalex.org/I4210115207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109872406","display_name":"Ravi Ratan Kasliwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi R Kasliwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Editor in Chief, Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Gurugram, Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Editor in Chief, Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Gurugram, Haryana, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030700531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291450037","https://openalex.org/I4210115207"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"50","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.13089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.03849999979138374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-cardiology","display_name":"clinical cardiology","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-cardiology","display_name":"history of cardiology","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"cardiology","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribute","display_name":"tribute","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trials","display_name":"clinical trials","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombolysis","display_name":"thrombolysis","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-heart-lung-and-blood-institute","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brigham-and-women-s-hospital","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-california-san-diego","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","score":0.8849999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777038452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748289","display_name":"Tribute","level":2,"score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6816999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994282307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4502312","display_name":"Clinical cardiology","level":2,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781274984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3559674","display_name":"Interventional cardiology","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72636640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380274","display_name":"History of medicine","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779840692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309481","display_name":"Obituary","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224948","display_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2250-3528","issn":["2250-3528","2456-3366"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22b19eda78994e4c9bdc0a0d91b79373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22b19eda78994e4c9bdc0a0d91b79373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 50-54 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_35_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224948","display_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2250-3528","issn":["2250-3528","2456-3366"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520609538","https://openalex.org/W1606172193","https://openalex.org/W1966378828","https://openalex.org/W1973679652","https://openalex.org/W2076595931","https://openalex.org/W2087926690","https://openalex.org/W2525451173","https://openalex.org/W7140280449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177145007","https://openalex.org/W7201875114","https://openalex.org/W7160703693","https://openalex.org/W7160135984","https://openalex.org/W1996670494","https://openalex.org/W4220935514","https://openalex.org/W7166537910","https://openalex.org/W2961415665","https://openalex.org/W2012895069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remember":[0],"Me":[1],"To":[2,8,15],"the":[3,9,16,23,31,72,82,151,199,211,245,284,331,338,354,409,425,451,469,504,527,540,550,565,584,588,632,648,680,687,721,736,754,762,798,815,819,831,835,849,887,893,912,921,925,932,968,981,997,1041,1055,1064,1115,1148,1153,1169,1173,1181,1188,1207,1216,1228,1236,1260,1278,1288,1341,1343,1347,1362,1397,1401,1406,1419,1426,1463,1477,1522,1530,1560,1582,1594,1635,1645,1655,1667,1676,1686,1694,1866,1881,1885,1892,1970,1989,2050,2099,2127,2148,2153,2160,2164,2206,2224,2238,2244,2249,2261,2268,2272],"living,":[4],"I":[5,11,18,25,33],"am":[6,26],"gone,":[7],"sorrowful,":[10],"will":[12,1718],"never":[13,35,2219],"return,":[14],"angry,":[17],"was":[19,351,422,450,483,518,661,919,975,983,988,1005,1049,1063,1453,1504,1606,1739,1781],"cheated,":[20],"But":[21],"to":[22,30,63,139,288,295,330,364,366,394,402,455,556,639,679,708,778,809,830,848,863,1151,1194,1215,1253,1269,1312,1375,1387,1434,1455,1536,1584,1593,1599,1611,1665,1792,1827,1869,1879,1923,1930,1963,1984,2004,2018,2024,2132,2203,2226,2267],"happy,":[24],"at":[27,71,244,345,458,496,511,526,931,1447,1506,1644],"peace,":[28],"And":[29,2096],"faithful,":[32],"have":[34,602,1709,1726,1915],"left.":[36],"-Margaret":[37],"Mead":[38],"THE":[39],"JOURNEY":[40],"Eugene":[41,141,163,264,534,593,917,992,1022,1033,1112,1275,1444,1473,1518,1573,1633,1940,2005,2082],"Braunwald":[42,142,164,535,594,645,743,918,993,1023,1034,1113,1445,1519,1941,2083],"(August":[43,172],"15,":[44,173],"1929":[45],"\u2013April":[46],"22,":[47,69,175],"2026),":[48,176],"beloved":[49],"devout":[50],"cardiologist,":[51],"dedicated":[52],"teacher,":[53],"dutiful":[54],"mentor,":[55],"decisive":[56],"editor,":[57],"diligent":[58],"researcher":[59],"par":[60],"excellence,":[61],"left":[62,1677],"his":[64,348,362,386,418,442,456,473,486,492,521,615,1001,1956,2031,2041,2105,2265],"heavenly":[65],"abode":[66],"on":[67,374,1470,1820],"April":[68],"2026,":[70],"age":[73,346],"of":[74,78,84,99,106,113,120,126,131,153,155,169,180,198,201,204,210,213,221,250,359,411,506,542,577,627,683,690,739,753,789,817,822,834,851,948,1066,1119,1138,1230,1235,1335,1479,1637,1689,1854,1865,1895,1901,1920,1925,1937,1969,2008,2102,2115,2141,2144,2174,2199,2216,2229,2258,2292,2298],"96":[75],"years,":[76,1546],"\u201cFather":[77,1478,1636],"Clinical":[79,170,224,543,928,1480,1638,2009,2103],"Cardiology.\u201d":[80,1855],"In":[81,342,720,837,911,1324,1421,1441,2074],"hall":[83,152],"fame,":[85],"he":[86,372,384,464,478,574,944,1487,1647,1658,1960,2058,2065,2125,2179,2208,2270],"joins":[87],"other":[88,148],"all-time":[89],"greats":[90],"in":[91,150,235,268,278,291,297,315,319,326,368,397,405,424,466,472,503,516,614,631,770,794,800,843,874,920,1054,1227,1492,1563,1613,1654,1784,1800,1876,1897,1904,1958,1974,2012,2155,2194,2243],"medicine":[92,156,494,547,606,1877,1902],"and":[93,128,157,182,193,216,223,229,241,253,260,309,333,385,500,570,579,634,697,780,865,881,905,1091,1404,1450,1459,1521,1553,1569,1786,1812,1825,1848,1888,1911,1928,1952,1981,2022,2026,2033,2039,2185,2233,2288],"cardiology":[94,158,236,517,1469,1922],"\u2013":[95,237,924,930,950,990,1039,1130,1172,1175,1303,1326,1340,1403,2049,2067,2084],"Andreas":[96,2111],"Gr\u00fcntzig":[97],"(Father":[98,105,112,119,125,130],"Interventional":[100],"Cardiology),":[101,115],"Dwight":[102,2136],"Emary":[103,2137],"Harken":[104],"Heart":[107,255,582,618],"Surgery),":[108],"Paul":[109,2166],"Dudley":[110,2167],"White":[111],"Preventive":[114],"Sir":[116,2191],"William":[117,123,2192,2222],"Osler":[118],"Modern":[121],"Medicine),":[122],"Harvey":[124],"Circulation),":[127],"Hippocrates":[129],"Medicine).":[132],"This":[133,280,676,828,845,1062,1185,1247,1806,1933,1986],"article":[134],"is":[135,607,701,785,1105,1108,1121,1128,1180,1222,1262,1281,1293,1300,1305,1371,1415,1425,1516,1597,1693,1697,1701,1735,1750,1832,1849,1861,1878,1934,2063],"a":[136,258,375,395,476,524,561,642,749,771,786,825,915,940,958,971,976,1007,1011,1052,1058,1076,1085,1096,1100,1106,1122,1131,1135,1141,1211,1223,1283,1306,1313,1315,1338,1354,1393,1489,1534,1614,1662,1682,1710,1714,1727,1747,1765,1768,1938,1944,1993,1998,2086,2118,2139,2170,2177,2211,2241,2253],"small":[137],"tribute":[138],"Prof":[140],"[Figure":[143],"1]":[144],"as":[145,147,416,432,523,539,767,1140,1337,1852],"well":[146],"pioneers":[149],"fame":[154],"[Table":[159],"1].Figure":[160],"1:":[161,233],"Professor":[162,179],"MD,":[165],"MACC,":[166],"D.Sc.:":[167],"Father":[168,541,2007,2101,2114,2143,2173,2198,2228,2257],"Cardiology":[171,222,529,2010],"1929\u2013April":[174],"Distinguished":[177],"Hersey":[178],"Medicine":[181,2036],"Physic":[183],"(Harvard":[184],"Medical":[185,251,460,572],"School),":[186],"Founding":[187,196,797],"Chairman,":[188],"TIMI":[189,302,339,888,1464,1547],"Study":[190,272,803,841,889],"Group":[191,273,804,842,890],"(Brigham":[192],"Women\u2019s":[194,217],"Hospital),":[195],"Chair":[197,209],"Department":[200,212],"Medicine:":[202,214],"University":[203,439],"California,":[205],"San":[206,568],"Diego":[207],"(1968\u20131972),":[208],"Brigham":[215],"Hospital":[218,499],"(1972\u20131996),":[219],"Chief":[220],"Director:":[225],"National":[226],"Heart,":[227],"Lung":[228],"Blood":[230],"Institute":[231,249,256],"(1957\u20131968)Table":[232],"Pioneers":[234],"Modern,":[238],"medieval,":[239],"ancient,":[240,2252],"primitiveKasliwal\u2019s":[242],"team":[243,653,665,1575],"prestigious":[246,298],"All":[247],"India":[248],"Sciences":[252],"Medanta":[254],"enjoyed":[257],"privileged":[259,1610],"foundational":[261,681,894,1284,1980],"association":[262],"with":[263,729,1111,1196,1551,1838,2015,2169,2210,2231],"Braunwald\u2019s":[265,581,1574,1737],"renowned":[266,1833],"Thrombolysis":[267,799,836],"Myocardial":[269,801,838],"Infarction":[270,802,839],"(TIMI)":[271,840],"from":[274,392,462,553,1134,1532,1764,1822,1917,1992],"its":[275,1036,1079,1088,1368,1471,1651,1801],"very":[276,2134],"inception":[277],"1984.":[279,844],"seamless":[281],"collaboration":[282],"over":[283,878],"decades":[285],"has":[286,312,677,706,846,859,891,1266,1286,1787,1977,1987],"contributed":[287,2284],"immense":[289],"advancements":[290],"cardiovascular":[292,546,605],"medicine,":[293,2201,2259],"leading":[294,1114],"publications":[296],"high-impact":[299],"journals.":[300],"The":[301,610,625,855,1117,1166,1779,1863,2282],"Group,":[303],"known":[304,766,1851],"for":[305,587,814,869,896,1752,1834,2182,2277],"rigorous":[306],"clinical":[307,334,551,763,1564,1796,1839,1889,2212],"trials":[308,808,880,1465,1523,1568],"groundbreaking":[310],"research,":[311],"been":[313,1789],"instrumental":[314],"addressing":[316],"critical":[317],"issues":[318],"heart":[320,656,730,741,755,826,942,982,1086,1149,1189,1261,1363,1394,1407,1448,1531,1716,1748,1762,2075,2145,2161],"health,":[321],"which":[322,463,784],"helped":[323],"drive":[324],"improvements":[325],"patient":[327,1586],"care,":[328,1069,1436,1587,1906],"contributing":[329],"academic":[332],"success":[335],"that":[336,655,667,732,757,1071,1285,1298,1389,1430,1500,1589,1684,1717,1722,1741,1756,2218],"characterizes":[337],"Group\u2019s":[340],"legacy.[1,2]":[341],"March":[343],"1938,":[344,370],"8,":[347],"idyllic":[349],"childhood":[350],"interrupted":[352],"by":[353,485,548,727,1078,1087,1526,1908,1949],"1938":[355],"Nazi":[356],"Anschluss":[357],"(annexation)":[358],"Austria,":[360],"forcing":[361],"family":[363],"escape":[365],"England":[367,399],"July":[369],"where":[371,1616],"lived":[373],"farm":[376,396],"experiencing":[377],"severe":[378],"hardships.":[379],"During":[380],"World":[381],"War":[382],"II,":[383],"younger":[387],"brother":[388],"Jack":[389],"were":[390,725,1029,1466],"evacuated":[391],"London":[393],"northern":[398],"before":[400,673],"immigrating":[401],"New":[403,426,437],"York":[404,427,438],"1939.":[406],"He":[407,421,435,449,490,805,935,1046,1090,1296,1754,1976,2044,2150,2235],"overcame":[408],"trauma":[410],"displacement,":[412],"later":[413,501],"describing":[414],"it":[415,949,987,1031,1048,1127,1139,1304,1336,1432,1452,1525,1591,1596,1649],"shaping":[417],"work":[419,646,705,775,1612],"ethic.":[420],"educated":[423],"public":[428],"school":[429],"system,":[430],"graduating":[431],"class":[433,457],"valedictorian.":[434],"attended":[436],"(NYU),":[440],"earning":[441,468],"Bachelor\u2019s":[443],"degree":[444],"(A.B.)":[445],"magna":[446],"cum":[447],"laude.":[448],"youngest":[452],"student":[453,525],"admitted":[454],"NYU":[459],"School,":[461,573],"graduated":[465],"1952,":[467],"highest":[470],"marks":[471],"class.":[474],"As":[475],"student,":[477],"initially":[479,1020],"considered":[480],"engineering":[481,2029],"but":[482,1010,1026,1057,1265,1713],"guided":[484,1907],"mother":[487],"toward":[488],"medicine.":[489,854],"completed":[491],"internal":[493],"residency":[495],"Johns":[497],"Hopkins":[498],"worked":[502],"laboratory":[505],"Nobel":[507],"laureate":[508],"Andr\u00e9":[509],"Cournand":[510],"Columbia":[512],"University.":[513],"His":[514,652,664,704,1604],"interest":[515,2293],"solidified":[519],"during":[520,824,1161],"time":[522,1437,1454],"Bellevue":[528],"Clinic":[530],"under":[531,1000,1044],"Ludwig":[532],"Eichna.":[533],"(1929\u20132026),":[536,595],"widely":[537],"revered":[538],"Cardiology,":[544,2104],"revolutionized":[545],"shifting":[549],"approach":[552,1868],"passive":[554],"observation":[555],"active,":[557],"time-sensitive":[558],"intervention.":[559],"Over":[560,1544],"seven-decade":[562],"career":[563,616,1947],"spanning":[564],"NIH,":[566],"UC":[567],"Diego,":[569],"Harvard":[571],"mentored":[575],"generations":[576],"leaders":[578],"authored":[580,1961],"Disease,":[583],"defining":[585],"textbook":[586],"field.":[589],"THREE":[590],"AHA":[591],"MOMENTS":[592],"experienced":[596],"several":[597],"\u201caha!\u201d":[598,612,978],"moments.":[599],"These":[600],"incidences":[601],"reshaped":[603],"how":[604,1040,1493,2237],"practiced":[608],"worldwide.":[609,1295],"three":[611],"moments":[613],"include:":[617],"attacks":[619,1449],"are":[620,1609,1891,2295],"gradual":[621],"\u201cdimmer":[622],"switch\u201d":[623],"revelation":[624],"concept":[626],"\u201cDimmer":[628],"Switch\u201d":[629],"originated":[630],"1960s":[633],"not":[635,734,937,970,984,995,1006,1050,1301,1332,1483,1541,1577,1602,1641,1698,1719,1731],"an":[636,1204,1320,1842,1918],"instantaneous":[637,1302,1321],"event\u2014similar":[638],"turning":[640,1314,1352,1468],"off":[641],"light":[643,1322],"switch.":[644,1323],"supported":[647,806],"dimmer":[649,1316],"switch":[650,1317],"hypothesis.":[651],"proved":[654,1047,1524,1755],"muscle":[657,966,1042,1150,1201,1349],"damage":[658,1299],"though":[659],"progressive":[660],"also":[662],"treatable.":[663],"showed":[666,1499],"ischemic":[668],"tissue":[669,1501],"could":[670,2162],"be":[671,1242,1600,1622],"salvaged":[672],"dying":[674],"irreversibly.":[675],"lead":[678,707,1252],"concepts":[682],"\u201copen":[684],"artery\u201d":[685],"theory,":[686],"entire":[688],"field":[689,1615],"early":[691,1398,1656],"reperfusion":[692,1383],"therapies,":[693,904],"infarct":[694],"size":[695],"reduction":[696],"most":[698,1971],"importantly":[699],"\u201ctime":[700,1107],"muscle\u201d":[702,1109,1372],"dictum.":[703],"numerous":[709],"life-saving":[710],"interventions,":[711,899],"thrombolytic":[712],"therapies.":[713,1932],"catheter-based":[714],"revascularization":[715],"procedures.":[716],"Identifying":[717],"hypertrophic":[718,768,951],"cardiomyopathy":[719,769,953],"late":[722,913],"1950s,":[723,914],"doctors":[724,777],"puzzled":[726],"patients":[728],"obstruction":[731,1214,1225],"did":[733,936,994,1482,1540,1576,1627,1640],"fit":[735],"traditional":[737],"mold":[738],"valvular":[740],"disease.":[742],"et":[744],"al.":[745],"studied":[746],"cases":[747],"involving":[748,882],"severe,":[750],"idiopathic":[751],"thickening":[752,1186],"walls":[756],"caused":[758],"obstruction.":[759,1205],"They":[760,1539],"defined":[761,1035,1948],"entity":[764],"now":[765,1798,1929],"1964":[772],"monograph.":[773],"Their":[774],"allowed":[776],"identify":[779,864],"treat":[781,866,1495,1880],"this":[782,1004,1199,1743,1758,2133],"condition,":[783],"significant":[787,1244],"cause":[788],"sudden":[790,870],"cardiac":[791,871,1435,2188],"death,":[792,872],"particularly":[793,873],"young":[795,875,1164],"athletes.[3,4]":[796],"large":[807],"individual":[810],"case":[811],"studies":[812,1548],"especially":[813],"purpose":[816],"deciphering":[818],"complex":[820,1828],"mechanisms":[821],"ischemia":[823,1359],"attack.":[827],"led":[829,847],"logical":[832],"establishment":[833],"dawn":[850],"rigorous,":[852],"evidence-based":[853],"group\u2019s":[856],"extensive":[857],"research":[858,1890,1957],"directly":[860],"enabled":[861],"physicians":[862],"conditions":[867],"responsible":[868],"athletes.":[876],"Spanning":[877],"80":[879],"more":[883,1348],"than":[884,1319,1509,1624,1671,1884],"450,000":[885,1570],"patients,":[886,1572],"established":[892,1943],"evidence":[895],"vital":[897],"medical":[898],"including":[900],"statins,":[901],"modern":[902,1067,2200],"antiplatelet":[903],"clot-busting":[906],"thrombolysis.[5,6]":[907],"HYPERTROPHIC":[908],"OBSTRUCTIVE":[909],"CARDIOMYOPATHY":[910],"28-year-old":[916],"right":[922,933,2060],"place":[923],"new":[926,941],"NIH":[927],"Center":[929],"time.":[934],"just":[938,985,1051,1457,1484,1578,1642,1672,1702,1723,2098],"find":[939],"disease;":[943],"birthed":[945],"our":[946],"understanding":[947,1927],"obstructive":[952],"(HOCM).":[954],"While":[955],"surgeons":[956],"expected":[957],"\u201cdiscrete\u201d":[959],"blockage,":[960],"they":[961,1028,1580],"kept":[962],"seeing":[963,1030],"thick,":[964],"stubborn":[965],"clogging":[967],"heart,":[969,1595],"leaky":[972],"valve.":[973],"It":[974,1104,1158,1179,1191,1414,1700,1831],"real":[977],"moment,":[979],"proving":[980,1429,1721],"broken;":[986],"overgrown":[989],"HOCM.":[991],"let":[996],"grass":[998],"grow":[999],"feet,":[1002],"realizing":[1003],"rare":[1008],"oddity":[1009],"common":[1012],"genetic":[1013,1123],"rebel.":[1014],"Andrew":[1015,1092],"Glenn":[1016,1093],"Morrow":[1017,1094],"(the":[1018,1705],"surgeon)":[1019],"thought":[1021],"\u201cmessed":[1024],"up,\u201d":[1025],"soon,":[1027],"everywhere.":[1032],"\u201cdynamic\u201d":[1037],"nature":[1038],"tightened":[1043],"stress.":[1045],"\u201cstone":[1053],"pipe,\u201d":[1056],"changeable,":[1059],"sneaky":[1060],"actor.":[1061],"birth":[1065],"HOCM":[1068,1120],"showing":[1070,1588,1740],"while":[1072],"you":[1073,1081,1410,1412,1725],"cannot":[1074,1192],"judge":[1075],"book":[1077,1780],"cover,":[1080],"can":[1082,1241,1250,1621,1708],"absolutely":[1083],"fix":[1084],"septum.":[1089],"turned":[1095],"fatal":[1097,1995],"enigma":[1098],"into":[1099,1353,1767,1997],"manageable,":[1101],"well-understood":[1102],"condition.":[1103,1770],"story,":[1110],"charge!":[1116],"birthing":[1118],"\u201cfamily":[1124],"affair.\u201d":[1125],"Often,":[1126],"inherited":[1129],"50%":[1132],"chance":[1133],"parent.":[1136],"Think":[1137,1334],"DNA":[1142],"recipe":[1143],"gone":[1144,1916],"slightly":[1145],"rogue,":[1146],"causing":[1147,1203],"\u201chit":[1152],"gym\u201d":[1154],"way":[1155,1289,1664],"too":[1156,1177,2091],"hard.":[1157],"usually":[1159],"starts":[1160],"adolescence":[1162],"or":[1163,1255,1385,1803],"adulthood.":[1165],"wall":[1167],"between":[1168],"lower":[1170],"chambers":[1171],"septum":[1174,1209],"becomes":[1176],"thick.":[1178],"classic":[1182],"\u201coverachiever\u201d":[1183],"muscle.":[1184,1408,1440,1514],"makes":[1187,2079],"\u201cstiff.\u201d":[1190],"relax":[1193],"fill":[1195],"blood.":[1197,1219],"Then,":[1198],"bulky":[1200],"bulges,":[1202],"Usually,":[1206],"thickened":[1208],"poses":[1210],"static":[1212],"physical":[1213],"outward":[1217],"flowing":[1218],"Then":[1220],"there":[1221],"dynamic":[1224],"component":[1226],"form":[1229],"systolic":[1231,1703],"anterior":[1232,1237],"motion":[1233],"(SAM)":[1234],"mitral":[1238],"leaflet.":[1239],"There":[1240,2294],"associated":[1243],"\u201cmitral":[1245],"regurgitation,\u201d.":[1246],"increased":[1248],"workload":[1249],"often":[1251,1475,1799],"fatigue":[1254],"chest":[1256],"pain.":[1257],".":[1258],"Essentially,":[1259],"\u201call":[1263],"heart\u201d":[1264],"no":[1267,2296],"room":[1268],"move.":[1270],"TIME":[1271],"IS":[1272],"MUSCLE":[1273],"CONCEPT":[1274],"Braunwald,":[1276,1474,1634],"coined":[1277],"phrase":[1279],"\u201cTime":[1280,1370,1515,1860,2062],"Muscle\u201d,":[1282],"changed":[1287],"myocardial":[1290],"infarction":[1291],"(MI)":[1292],"managed":[1294],"realized":[1297,1659],"slow,":[1307],"progressive,":[1308],"ticking":[1309],"clock,":[1310],"similar":[1311],"rather":[1318,1883],"short":[1325,1936],"every":[1327,2077,2278],"second":[1328],"counts,":[1329],"so":[1330,2196,2255],"do":[1331,1619],"wait.":[1333],"race":[1339],"longer":[1342],"artery":[1344],"stays":[1345],"blocked,":[1346],"dies,":[1350],"eventually":[1351],"scarred,":[1355],"weak":[1356],"heart.":[1357],"When":[1358],"kicks":[1360],"in,":[1361],"is,":[1364,1438],"quite":[1365],"literally,":[1366],"losing":[1367],"grip.":[1369],"taught":[1373],"us":[1374,2046],"act":[1376],"fast,":[1377,2172],"opening":[1378],"clogged":[1379],"vessels":[1380],"through":[1381],"urgent":[1382],"(stenting":[1384],"drugs)":[1386],"salvage":[1388],"crucial,":[1390],"myocardium.":[1391,1420],"If":[1392,1409],"attack":[1395,1749],"strikes,":[1396],"bird":[1399],"gets":[1400],"worm":[1402],"keeps":[1405],"wait,":[1411,2069],"lose.":[1413],"all":[1416,2152],"about":[1417],"protecting":[1418],"short,":[1422],"prompt":[1423],"action":[1424],"best":[1427,1598],"action,":[1428],"when":[1431,1590],"comes":[1433,1592],"indeed,":[1439],"1984,":[1442],"Dr.":[1443],"looked":[1446],"decided":[1451],"stop":[1456,1542],"waiting":[1458],"start":[1460],"breaking.":[1461],"Thus,":[1462],"born,":[1467],"head.":[1472],"called":[1476,2037],"Cardiology,\u201d":[1481,1639],"make":[1485],"waves;":[1486],"created":[1488],"sea":[1490],"change":[1491],"we":[1494,1618,1626,1660],"broken":[1496],"hearts.":[1497],"TIMI-1":[1498],"plasminogen":[1502],"activator":[1503],"better":[1505,1623,1663],"busting":[1507],"clots":[1508],"old-school":[1510],"streptokinase,":[1511],"saving":[1512],"precious":[1513],"muscle,\u201d":[1517,2064],"argued,":[1520],"treating":[1527],"faster,":[1528],"preventing":[1529],"becoming":[1533,1967],"\u201cgone":[1535],"pieces\u201d":[1537],"wreck.":[1538],"there.":[1543],"40":[1545],"tackled":[1549],"cholesterol":[1550],"statins":[1552],"introduced":[1554],"essential":[1555],"blood":[1556,2239],"thinners,":[1557],"making":[1558],"them":[1559],"\u201cgold":[1561],"standard\u201d":[1562],"research.":[1565],"With":[1566,2122,2264],">80":[1567],"+":[1571],"walk;":[1579],"ran":[1581],"marathon":[1583],"improve":[1585],"\u201cfast,":[1601],"furious.\u201d":[1603],"legacy":[1605,2275],"simple:":[1607],"\u201cWe":[1608,1914],"what":[1617,1625,2085],"today":[1620],"yesterday.\u201d[5,6]":[1628],"LEFT":[1629],"VENTRICULAR":[1630],"EJECTION":[1631],"FRACTION":[1632],"look":[1643],"heart;":[1646],"made":[1648,1978],"tell":[1650],"secrets.":[1652],"Back":[1653],"1960s,":[1657],"needed":[1661],"assess":[1666],"heart\u2019s":[1668],"pumping":[1669],"power":[1670,2025],"\u201cvibe":[1673],"checks.\u201d":[1674],"Enter":[1675],"ventricular":[1678],"ejection":[1679,2047],"fraction":[1680,1744,2048],"(LVEF),":[1681],"metric":[1683],"became":[1685,2040],"golden":[1687],"ticket":[1688],"cardiology.[7]":[1690],"However,":[1691],"here":[1692],"nuance:":[1695],"EF":[1696,1712],"everything.":[1699],"function":[1704],"squeeze).":[1706],"You":[1707],"normal":[1711],"\u201cstiff\u201d":[1715],"fill,":[1720],"because":[1724],"good":[1728],"ejection,":[1729],"does":[1730],"mean":[1732],"your":[1733],"circulation":[1734],"fine.":[1736],"genius":[1738],"keeping":[1742],"high":[1745],"after":[1746],"crucial":[1751],"survival.":[1753],"measuring":[1757],"\u201cLVEF\u201d":[1759],"helps":[1760],"turn":[1761],"failure":[1763],"dead-end":[1766],"manageable":[1769,2000],"BRAUNWALD\u2019S":[1771,1856],"HEART":[1772],"DISEASE:":[1773],"A":[1774,2214,2274],"TEXTBOOK":[1775],"OF":[1776],"CARDIOVASCULAR":[1777],"MEDICINE":[1778],"first":[1782],"published":[1783],"1980":[1785],"since":[1788],"regularly":[1790],"updated":[1791,1845],"reflect":[1793],"rapidly":[1794],"changing":[1795],"science,":[1797],"12th":[1802],"13th":[1804],"edition.":[1805],"award-winning,":[1807],"two-volume":[1808],"text":[1809],"serves":[1810],"trainees":[1811],"seasoned":[1813],"cardiologists":[1814,1973],"worldwide,":[1815],"offering":[1816],"evidence-based,":[1817],"state-of-the-art":[1818],"guidance":[1819],"everything":[1821],"molecular":[1823],"biology":[1824],"imaging":[1826],"interventional":[1829,2116],"techniques.":[1830],"combining":[1835],"basic":[1836],"science":[1837],"application,":[1840],"providing":[1841],"unparalleled,":[1843],"frequently":[1844],"multimedia":[1846],"resource,":[1847],"popularly":[1850],"\u201cBible":[1853],"FAMOUS":[1857],"FIVE":[1858],"APHORISMS":[1859],"myocardium.\u201d":[1862],"core":[1864],"current":[1867],"ST-segment":[1870],"elevation":[1871],"MI":[1872,1990],"\u201cThe":[1873,1899],"greatest":[1874],"mistake":[1875],"diagnosis":[1882,1996],"patient\u201d":[1886],"\u201cBasic":[1887],"twin":[1893],"engines":[1894],"progress":[1896],"medicine\u201d":[1898],"future":[1900],"lies":[1903],"personalized":[1905],"genomics,":[1909],"proteomics,":[1910],"deep":[1912],"phenotyping\u201d":[1913],"era":[1919],"descriptive":[1921],"one":[1924,1968],"mechanistic":[1926],"targeted":[1931],"nothing":[1935],"revolution.\u201d":[1939],"(1929\u20132026)":[1942],"monumental":[1945],"74-year":[1946],"unparalleled":[1950],"productivity":[1951],"transformative":[1953],"impact.":[1954],"Beginning":[1955],"1954,":[1959],"up":[1962],"1800":[1964],"peer-reviewed":[1965],"articles,":[1966],"cited":[1972],"history.":[1975],"many":[1979],"pioneering":[1982],"contributions":[1983],"cardiology.":[1985],"shifted":[1988],"condition":[1991],"near-certain":[1994],"highly":[1999],"condition.[8,9]":[2001],"An":[2002],"ode":[2003],"Braunwald:":[2006],"Born":[2011],"difficult":[2013],"times,":[2014],"only":[2016],"Holocaust":[2017],"blame,":[2019],"Turned":[2020],"adversity":[2021],"pain":[2023],"fame.":[2027],"Though":[2028],"stirred":[2030],"bright":[2032],"curious":[2034],"soul,":[2035],"louder":[2038],"lifelong":[2042],"goal.":[2043],"gave":[2045],"ventricle\u2019s":[2051],"report":[2052],"card":[2053],"true,":[2054],"HOCM\u2019s":[2055],"secrets":[2056],"too,":[2057],"cracked":[2059],"through.":[2061],"said":[2066],"don\u2019t":[2068,2070,2072],"fumble,":[2071],"bungle!":[2073],"attacks,":[2076],"minute":[2078],"trouble":[2080],"double.":[2081],"mighty":[2087],"name,":[2088],"\u201cLegend\u201d":[2089],"sounds":[2090],"little;":[2092],"\u201cicon\u201d":[2093],"feels":[2094],"lame.":[2095],"\u201cInstitution\u201d":[2097],"same,":[2100],"timeless":[2106],"claim.":[2107],"Beside":[2108],"him":[2109],"stands":[2110],"Gr\u00fcntzig,":[2112],"bold,":[2113],"cardiology,":[2117,2176],"story":[2119],"oft":[2120],"told.":[2121],"balloon":[2123],"angioplasty,":[2124],"opened":[2126],"way,":[2128],"Saving":[2129],"countless":[2130],"hearts":[2131],"day.":[2135],"Harken,":[2138],"surgeon":[2140],"skill,":[2142],"surgery,":[2146],"bending":[2147],"will.":[2149],"removed":[2151],"shrapnel":[2154],"war\u2019s":[2156],"dark":[2157],"night,":[2158],"Proving":[2159],"handle":[2163],"fight.":[2165],"White,":[2168],"bicycle":[2171],"preventive":[2175],"shadow":[2178],"cast.":[2180],"Advocating":[2181],"exercise,":[2183],"lifestyle,":[2184],"diet,":[2186],"Bringing":[2187],"rehabilitation":[2189],"quiet.":[2190],"Osler,":[2193],"wisdom":[2195],"deep,":[2197],"promise":[2202],"keep.":[2204],"At":[2205],"bedside":[2207],"taught,":[2209],"eye,":[2213],"standard":[2215],"care":[2217],"shall":[2220],"die.":[2221],"Harvey,":[2223],"truth":[2225],"reveal,":[2227],"circulation,":[2230],"passion":[2232],"zeal.":[2234],"traced":[2236],"moves,":[2240],"pump":[2242],"chest,":[2245],"Physiology\u2019s":[2246],"master,":[2247],"passing":[2248],"test.":[2250],"Hippocrates,":[2251],"pillar":[2254],"high,":[2256],"beneath":[2260],"blue":[2262],"sky.":[2263],"oath":[2266],"patient,":[2269],"laid":[2271],"foundation,":[2273],"lasting":[2276],"nation.":[2279],"Author":[2280],"contribution":[2281],"authors":[2283],"equally.":[2285],"Financial":[2286],"support":[2287],"sponsorship":[2289],"Nil.":[2290],"Conflicts":[2291],"conflicts":[2297],"interest.":[2299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-06-27T00:00:00"}
